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Flashcards by megmccormackmegm, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by megmccormackmegm
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Is the General Defence system: A) Specific B) Non- specific. | B) Non - specific. |
| What does the General Defence system act against? | All Pathogens. |
| How many parts does the General Defence system consist of? | It consists of two parts. |
| What nine components make up the first line of the Defence System? | Skin. Mucus. Clotting. Lysozymes. Cilia. Acid. Sebaceous gland. Good bacteria. |
| What three components create the second line of the Human Defence system? | Phagocytic white blood cells. Inflammation. Defence proteins. |
| What is the defence function of the skin? | - Provides a structural barrier to infection. |
| What is the defence function of clotting? | - Prevents entry of pathogens. |
| What is the defence function of Lysozymes? | - Dissolves cell walls of bacteria ( is found in sweat, tears and saliva ) |
| What is the defence function of Sebaceous glands? | - Contain chemicals which kill bacteria. |
| How does the Respiratory Tract prevent entry of bacteria? | - Is lined with mucus ( which traps Pathogens.) - Contains Cilia ( moves mucus up the throat and carries pathogens out.) |
| How does the Digestive Tract prevent entry of bacteria? | - Produces mucus. - Produces acid in stomach ( which kills many bacteria.) |
| How does the Reproductive Tract prevent entry of bacteria? | - Vagina contains beneficial bacteria (which produce lactic acid that prevent growth of pathogens. ) |
| Describe Phagocytic White Blood Cells. | - Micro organisms that damage cells. - Release chemicals that attract white blood cells. - Engulf Pathogens. - White blood cells that engulf Pathogens = Phagocytes. - Large Phagocytes = Macrophages. |
| Where in the body are Macrophages found? | - Spleen, Tonsils and Adenoids. |
| Name a function of a Phagocytic White Blood Cell. | - Filter out Pathogens from Lymphatic system. |
| Describe the process of Inflammation. | - Infected cells release histamine ( causes dilation of blood vessels.) - Dilation enables entry of white blood cells. - Vessels become porous. - General Inflammation causes fever. - High temperature prevents bacteria from reproducing. |
| Describe Defence Proteins. | - When activated they destroy viruses and other pathogens by creating a hole in the pathogens cell membrane, causing them to burst. |
| What is a Complement System? | - A group of twenty proteins found in blood plasma. |
| What are the functions of the Specific Defence system? | - Attacks particular pathogens. Produces antibodies ( which kill pathogens.) - Produces white blood cells. |
| What are the functions of Lymphocytes? | - Attack cells that contain antigens. - Produce antibodies. |
| What do Monocytes develop into? | - Macrophages. |
| What are the functions of Macrophages? | - Recognise antigens. - Digest antigens and pathogens. - Displays antigens and pathogens (which stimulates antibody production.) |
| What are: A) Antigens. B) Antibodies. | A) Antigens: Chemicals that are on surface of pathogens. B) Antibodies: Produced by lymphocytes in response to antigens. |
| What are the functions of antibodies? | - Prevents viruses and bacteria entering new host cells. - Labels Pathogens. - Inactivates Pathogens. - Triggers Complement system. |
| Describe the Antigen Antibody Reaction. | - Highly specific. - Each antigen stimulates production of one antibody, |
| What problems occur within the Antigen Antibody Reaction? | - Can be disabled ( may result in AIDS.) - Body can reproduce antibodies against its own tissues. |
| The first time an Antigen is produced how long does it take to produce maximum number of antibodies? | - Fourteen days. |
| How long will the subsequent infection last? | - Five days. |
| What is Induced Immunity? | - The ability to resist disease caused by specific Pathogens by the production of Antibodies. |
| What are the two types of Immunity? | - Active. - Passive. |
| What is Active Immunity? | - Production of your own antibodies in response to antigens. |
| What is Passive Immunity? | - Given antibodies that were formed by other organisms. |
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