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Description
Flashcards by Anisha Rai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Anisha Rai
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Name the three modern cloning techniques | Tissue culture Embryo transplants Adult cell cloning |
| What is tissue culture? | using small groups of cells from part of a plant |
| What are embryo transplants? | Splitting apart cells from a developing animal embryo before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers |
| What is adult cell cloning? | The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell and the nucleus from an adult body cell, eg skin cell, is inserted into the egg cell. An electric shock then acts as the catalyst for the egg cell to begin to divide to form embryo cells. These embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult skin cel;. when the embryo has developed into a ball of cells, it is inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue its development |
| In genetic engineering, genes from the chromosomes of humans and other organisms can be 'cut out' and transferred to cells of other organisms. How do you do this process? | Enzymes are used to isolate the required gene This gene is inserted into a vector usually bacterial plasmid or a virus The vector is used to insert the gene into the required cells |
| Why might genes be transferred to the cells of animals, plants or micro organisms at an early stage in their development? | So that they develop with desired characteristics |
| What are crops that have had their genes modified in this way called? | Genetically modified crops (GM crops) |
| What is the purpose of GM crops? | To create plants that are resistant to insect attack or to herbicides |
| Do GM crops show an increases or decreases yields? | Increased |
| What are the concerns about GM crops? | The effect on the populations of wild flowers and insects The uncertainty about the effects of eating GM crops on human health |
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