532153
Description
Flashcards by Morgan Morgan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Morgan Morgan
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The cellular components of blood are known as the...... | formed elements of blood |
| These include? | Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets (cell fragments involved in blood clotting) |
| Red Blood Cells account for what percentage of the total blood volume? | 45% |
| In females, the figure is? | around 41% |
| This value is known as the? | HAEMATOCRIT (blood count) |
| 1 microlitre (1µl) of blood (i.e. 1mm3 of blood) contains: | 5 million RBCs in males ~4.5million RBCs in females |
| Total blood volume is around? | 5 litres |
| Red blood cells are flattened, biconcave discs. They are....um in diameter and....um thick. | 7 and 2 |
| The function of RBCs is? | to transport gases in the circulation Oxygen (O2) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) |
| RBCs have to squeeze through capillaries, so are easily....... | deformable. |
| Transport of gases is provided by the presence of ................. inside the RBCs | HAEMOGLOBIN |
| Each RBC contains around............. molecules of Hb | 280 million |
| Hb is a........molecule. | pigment(gives RBCs their colour) |
| There are TWO main parts to the Hb molecule: | (i) Protein part (globin) pigment part (haem; heme) |
| Which part contains Iron? | Haem (pigment part) |
| The haem part carries which gas? | Oxygen |
| The concentration of Hb in the blood is about .....g/litre | 150g |
| RBCs have few cell organelles. The don't possess? | Nucleus Mitochondria |
| No mitochondria means? | therefore they obtain energy ANAEROBICALLY (without oxygen) |
| RBCs have a.....life span. | short |
| About ...% of the total number of RBCs is destroyed every day | 1 |
| The destruction of RBCs occurs in the? | spleen and by phagocytic cells in the circulation |
| RBC synthesis occurs in the ? | BONE MARROW |
| In adults , the synthesis occurs in the bone marrow found in? | bones of chest (e.g. sternum) base of skull long bones in arms & legs |
| large bone marrow cells (stem cells) which DO possess a nucleus go through several cell stages, gradually lose the nucleus and become? | Mature RBCs. |
| The whole process is under the control of which hormone? | ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO) |
| What percentage of EPO comes from the kidneys and what percentage comes from the liver? | 90% and 10% Normal circulating levels of EPO maintain the normal rate of RBC synthesis |
| In situations where there is a decreased level of O2, such as haemorrhage, decreased cardiac efficiency high altitude this stimulates the production of? | EPO therefore stimulates production of extra RBCs therefore increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood |
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