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Description
Flashcards by Caroline Kentill, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Caroline Kentill
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What types of listening strategies do you know? | Top-down: we listen to the overall meaning using our background knowledge Bottom-up: we listen to individual sounds to decode meaning |
| What are the main steps in the listening process? | 1: the listener responds to intonation 2: the listener responds to stressed vowels 3: Responds to sounds and start to find words that fit the pattern 4: Looks for a phrase that fits the pattern |
| What is/are the first thing(s) listeners pay attention to? | Stress and intonation |
| Explain the relationship between hearing and listening | Hearing is just physical Listening is to also process what you hear |
| What can be referred to as internal and external noise? | Internal: something that´s on your mind, thoughts on personal life, etc External: sounds that surrounds us like a cell phone, ruffling of papers etc. |
| Explain informational listening | When you focus on the content of the message to acquire knowledge, e.g. training |
| Explain critical listening | Asks you to evaluate the information being sent e.g. management consulting |
| Explain empathetic listening | Listening to understand the speakers point of view without judgement e.g. customers complaint |
| What listening styles do you know? | People oriented: demonstrate concern for others emotions and feeling Action-oriented: direct, short, error-free communication with results Content-oriented: interested in complex info and intellectual challenge Time-oriented: brief, concise and to the point |
| What do you as a professional language user must master? | - Challenging information processing - Discourse patterns (understanding the situation - read between the lines) - Pragmatic conventions - Cultural stumble blocks - Factual, professional information |
| What competences do we have in mind while mentioning the following aspects? Sounds and intonation Grammar and syntax Vocabulary Linguistic comepetences | The competences of a professional language user, and the things mentioned is essential for being a good language user |
| When we talk about discourse competence what do we refer to? | Ability to combine grammatical forms and meaning Cohesion and coherence Fillers, gambits and discourse markets |
| What can be describes as pragmatic competence? | - Understanding the social context, rhetorical situation, the relationship to get the target audience - Ability to produce and understand the utterance in different sociolinguistic context - Speech acts |
| What do we mean by strategic competence? | - Ability to solve communication problems - Coping/compensation strategies - Reaching our communicative goal |
| Can you an example of an oral genre? | - Wedding speech - Political speech - The company presentation - The business presentation |
| What are the three main types of speech acts? | Locution: Something that is either meaningful or unintelligible Illucution: Either an apology or a request Perlocution: How words affect our behaviour (Fire!!) |
| What is the difference between direct and indirect speech acts? | Direct: Structure = function - when ask or say something directly pointed to someone Indirect: Structure does not have function - when you indirectly asks someone to do something between the lines |
| Explain the speech act classification by Searle | Declaration: Changing the world e.g. i pronounce you husband and wife Representatives: speakers beliefs e.g. you are now husband and wife Expressive: Speakers emotions Directive: Speakers wnat e.g. excuse me Commissives: Speakers commitment to the future |
| Give an example of any uptake and turntaker | Uptaker: When we try to start a conversation: taking the floor using phrases like so, all right etc Turntaker: When you try to take floor when it is your turn to speak e.g. but, yes, but etc |
| Give an example of filler and hesitor | Filling in the space without giving the floor using words to fill Hesitor is when you do not say anything while thinking of what to say |
| What types of new media do you know? | Blog, V-log, blogging |
| What defines new media? | A possibility of on.demand access to content anytime, anywhere on any digital device |
| How can you explain a lingua franca? | A language widely used over a relatively large geographical area A common language which is native only to some people |
| Explain the three circles of English as lingua franca | Inner (L1): Native language, USA Outer (L2): Serves as second language, India, Singapore Expanding: English is used, but not as a first or second language, China, Russia |
| What are the main three aspects important to produce accurately in an ELF interaction in order for non-native speakers to understand? | - Accurate pronunciation of all consonant sounds - Vowels length must be preserved - Nuclear stress should be placed appropriately |
| What is your opinion on multilingualism in EU? | For this question talk about the EU language policy from class |
| What does it mean to be culturally intelligent? | To be able to interact in an intercultural communication situation, e.g to understand 2 or more geographical different cultures or communication between genders |
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