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Description
Flashcards by Hazel Meades, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hazel Meades
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is observational technique? | When the investigator examines behaviour through watching the participant and writing it down. |
| What are the strengths of the observational technique? | If it's a naturalistic observation then it is high in ecological validity. |
| What are the weaknesses of the observational technique? | Demand characteristics can occur, the Hawthorne effect can be apparent in overt observations and different observers may interpret different behaviour differently. |
| Name and define 2 types of structural observation. | Time sampling - observations are made at regular time intervals and coded. Event sampling - a tally chart is kept for each time a type of behaviour occurs. |
| What is the operationalisation of variables? | Deciding on a way to compare and test variables in a fashion that is measurable. |
| What is a pilot study? | A practise test to see what variables must be controlled. |
| What are demand characteristics? | Cues that might reveal your aim. Participants change behaviour to conform to expectations. E.g: Hans the horse. |
| What are direct and indirect investigator effects? | The body language and language of the experimenter may influence the response of the participants. It can be direct (as a response of interaction with participant) or indirect (as a result of the study design). |
| What is experimental realism? | When the task is engaging so the participant pays attention and forgets that they're being observed. |
| What is the Hawthorne effect? | The tendency for participants to alter their behaviour if they know they're being observed. |
| What is a participant observation? | When the observer acts as part of the group being watched. |
| What is a non-participant observation? | When the experimenter doesn't become part of the group being observed. |
| What is the difference between covert and overt observations? | Covert - the research is carried out undercover Overt - the researcher makes their identity and purpose known the group being observed. |
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