5745001
Description
Flashcards by Jaspal Kang, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jaspal Kang
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Back channel | Noises that are not full words, and short verbal responses made by listeners that acknowledge incoming talk and react to it, without wishing to take over speaking. For example: ‘u-huh’, ‘um’, ‘yeah’, ‘right’… |
| Colloquialism | A word or phrase that is ‘appropriate’ (a social convention) to use in conversations and other informal situations |
| Discourse markers | Words or phrases used to mark boundaries in conversation between one part and the next. For example: ‘So, then I…’, ‘Later on, I went back… ‘Even though he was tired, he…’ |
| Ellipsis | An element used in writing to prevent repetition, and in speech frequently involves the omission of personal subjects. For example: John: ‘Where are you going?’ Ann: ‘To town.’ (‘To town’ does not normally count as a sentence but here it is perfectly natural. |
| Baton signals | Actions that emphasise the rhythms of words. For example: I went to their office every day with a fist bang on the hand for underlined parts. |
| Hedging | A general term describing a strategy when a speaker or writer wants to avoid coming straight to the point or speaking directly. For example: I don't know why I er, went, you know, er, out with them last night. |
| Tails | A slot available at the end of the clause in which the speaker inserts grammatical patterns that amplify, extend or reinforce what he/she is saying. For example: ‘You’re a good bunch of people you are’, ‘It holds the record, this club, for rowing backwards!’ or ‘It was a long film that.’ |
| Tags | A string of words consisting of an auxiliary verb and a pronoun with or without ‘not’. For example: You’re coming, aren't you?’, ‘They haven't been, have they?’ or ‘It’s late, isn't it?’ |
| Para-linguistic features | Tones of voice that alter the meaning of what is being said: whispering, breathiness, nasality, extra lip-rounding. |
| Adjacency pairs | An adjacency pair is a type of turn-taking, where an utterance depends on another utterance. For example in greetings, invitations, and requests: ‘Are you coming?’ ‘Oh, I don’t know’. |
| Word stress | The emphasis we put on syllables in words to pronounce them comprehensibly. For example the words dessert and desert have different meanings and we know which is which through the stressed syllable. |
| Intonation | We use this to express or understand intentions / attitudes. Intonation can also show we are coming to the end of a topic / starting a new one. |
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