5960447
Description
Flashcards by Sherlock Holmes, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sherlock Holmes
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is sensation? | The process by which our sense receptors detect and respond to sensory information that stimulates them. |
| What is perception? | The process by which we give meaning to sensory information. |
| What are the three stages of sensation? | 1. Reception - the eye capturing the image and focusing it on the retina. 2. Transduction - process where photo receptors turn light into neural impulses. 3. Transmission - moving the neural impulses via electrochemical energy to the visual cortex of the brain. |
| What are the three stages of perception? | 1.Selection - identifying the differences in a visual stimulus 2. Organisation - assembling the features in a meaningful way 3. Interpretation - assigning meaning to a visual stimulus detect by photoreceptors |
| What are the structures within the eye? | Cornea, Aqueous Humour, Iris, Pupil, Ciliary Muscles, Retina, Blind spot, Optic nerve,Vitreous Humour, Rods and Cones. |
| What are Rods and Cones? | Both are photo receptors within the eye. Rods are most active in darkened conditions and does not include colour (black and white) Cones are most active in well lit conditions and allows us to perceive colour. |
| What is Perceptual set? | The readiness to perceive visual information in accurate expectations. We select certain aspects of a image and ignore the rest. |
| What is perceptual set influenced by? | Context Motivation Culture Emotional state Past experiences |
| What are the two ways of processing visual information? | Bottom-Up processing - begin with individual information and build up to a final representation. New information only Top-Down processing - pre-existing information and expectations about what we see help determine the information. |
| What are the visual perception cues? | Figure Ground Orientation, Closure, Similarity and Proximity. |
| What are the monocular and binocular depth cues. | Binocular depth cues: convergence and retinal disparity Monocular depth cues - Accommodation, Texture Gradient, Linear Perspective, Interposition, Height in the visual field and Relative size. |
| What are the perceptual constancy cues? | Size constancy, Brightness constancy, and Shape constancy. |
| What are all the parts involved in taste perception? | taste receptors - detect chemical molecules neural pathways - connect to the brain thalamus - relay station gustatory cortex - process the taste papillae - small bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds taste buds - located in the papillae taste pores - connects the surface of the tongue to the taste receptors. gustatory hairs - extend from the taste pores to the taste receptors to connect them. tastants - the dissolved chemical molecules that can be tasted. |
| What is a distortion of perception? | Involves an inconstancy between the perceptual experience and the physical reality. |
| What is a visual illusion? | A consistent misinterpretation of real sensory information. It is not a true reflection of what we see. They occur when length, distance, position and direction is misjudged. Size and shape constancy help to distort what we see. |
| What is the moon illusion? | When the moon is near the horizon it appears bigger then when it is in the sky despite the image on the retina not changing |
| What is the explanation behind the moon illusion? | When the moon is near the horizon, we assume it is further away due to depth and distance in the foreground. When it is high in the sky there are no other cues available, so the moon on the horizon is interpreted as bigger. |
| What is the Muller-Lyer Illusion | Consists of two equal lines yet the arrow headed line appears shorter. |
| What is the explanation behind the Muller-Lyer illusion? | Occurs using the knowledge of lines and edges an corners, that make us think that the V tipped line is further away and therefore must be longer. |
| What is the Ames Room Illusion? | The Ames room is a distorted trapezium that is longer on one side then on the other, yet we perceive a normal room as our perceptual set tells us that rooms should be rectangular. |
| How do we detect flavour? | Flavour is a perceptual experience produced by a combination of factors such as: pas experience, colour, texture and crunch etc. |
| What is Synaesthesia? | A perceptual experience in which stimulation of one sense produces an additional usual experiences in another sense. It is not bidirectional, automatically and the experience is vivid, highly memorable and consistent. |
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