6155994
Description
Flashcards by Aaliyah Manalo, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Aaliyah Manalo
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| seed drill | Jethro Tull |
| Robert Bakewell | breeding only his best sheep |
| enclosed their land with fences or hedges | enclosures |
| Industrial Revolution | greatly increased output of machine-made goods |
| process of developing machine production of goods | industrialization |
| Flying Shuttle | John Kay |
| James Hargreaves | Spinning Jenny |
| Richard Arkwright | water frame |
| Samuel Crompton | Spinning mule |
| Edmund Cartwright | Power loom |
| cotton gin | eli whitney |
| James Watt and Matthew Boulton | boulton paid watt to build better steam engines |
| Clermont | Robert Fulton |
| George Stephenson | Rocket |
| Britain's capital | London |
| center of britain's cotton industry | Manchester |
| middle class | made up of skilled workers |
| upper middle class | doctors, lawyers, gov't employees, managers |
| lower middle class | factory overseers, toolmakers, mechanical drafters |
| working class | laborers |
| Ned Ludd | Luddites; attacked factories |
| Factory Act of 1819 | restricted working age and hours |
| War of 1812 | Britain blockaded the US to keep it from engaging in int'l trading |
| Samuel Slater | built a spinning machine from memory |
| Moses Brown | opened first factory to house Slater's machines; mass produced the thread |
| Francis Cabot Lowell | mechanized every stage in the manufacture of cloth |
| stock | certain rights of ownership |
| corporation | business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts |
| Led the Europe in adopting Britain's new technology | Belgium |
| William Cockerill | carried secret plans for building spinning machinery |
| John Cockerill | built an enormous industrial enterprise in Belgium |
| Bohemia | spinning industry |
| Spain | cotton |
| Northern Italy | textile production |
| Russia | serf labor in factories |
| France | national market for French products |
| Imperialism | policy of extending one country's rule over many other lands |
| Laissez faire | letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference |
| Adam Smith | defended the idea of a free economy |
| Three Natural Laws of Economics | 1. Law of Self Interest 2. Law of Competition 3. Law of Supply and Demand |
| Law of Self Interest | people work for their own good |
| Law of Competition | competition forces people to work better |
| Law of Supply and Demand | enough goods would be produced at the lowest possible price to meet demand in a market economy |
| Capitalism | factor of production are privately owned |
| Thomas Malthus | An Essay on the Principle of Population: population increase more rapidly than the food supply |
| David Ricardo | Principles of Political Economy and Taxation: permanent underclass would always be poor |
| Jeremy Bentham | introduced Utilitarianism |
| Utilitarianism | judge base on their utility or usefulness |
| John Stuart Mill | led the utilitarian movement |
| Robert Owen | built a utopian village -- New Harmony |
| Socialism | factors of production are owned by the public |
| Marxism | human societies have always been divided into classes --- introduced by Karl Marx |
| Employers | Bourgeousie |
| Workers | Proletariat |
| Communism | form of complete socialism-- means of production would be owned by the people |
| unions | voluntary labor associations |
| strike | refuse to work |
| Factory Act of 1833 | illegal to hire children under 9 years old |
| Mines Act of 1842 | prevented women and children from working underground |
| Ten Hours Act of 1847 | limited workday to ten hours for women and children who worked in factories |
| William Wilberforce | led the fight for end of slave trade |
| Jane Addams and Ellen Starr | ran settlement houses/ Hull House |
| Horace Mann | favored free public education for all children |
| Alexis De Tocqueville | Emphasized goal of reforming prisons |
| Reasons Why Industrialization took place in Britain | 1. extensive natural resources 2. expanding economy to support industrialization 3. large population of workers 4. Political stability |
| First industry to be transformed | Textile Industry |
| Effects of Transportation | 1. spurred industrial growth 2. created new jobs 3. boosted England's agri and fishing industries 4. made travel easier |
| Elizabeth Gaskell | wrote Mary Barton -- accurate portrayal of urban life experienced by many at the time |
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