Flashcards
SLGE First Term
Cards in this deck (68)
- 1seed drillJethro Tull
- 2Robert Bakewellbreeding only his best sheep
- 3enclosed their land with fences or hedgesenclosures
- 4Industrial Revolutiongreatly increased output of machine-made goods
- 5process of developing machine production of goodsindustrialization
- 6Flying ShuttleJohn Kay
- 7James HargreavesSpinning Jenny
- 8Richard Arkwrightwater frame
- 9Samuel CromptonSpinning mule
- 10Edmund CartwrightPower loom
- 11cotton gineli whitney
- 12James Watt and Matthew Boultonboulton paid watt to build better steam engines
- 13ClermontRobert Fulton
- 14George StephensonRocket
- 15Britain's capitalLondon
- 16center of britain's cotton industryManchester
- 17middle classmade up of skilled workers
- 18upper middle classdoctors, lawyers, gov't employees, managers
- 19lower middle classfactory overseers, toolmakers, mechanical drafters
- 20working classlaborers
- 21Ned LuddLuddites; attacked factories
- 22Factory Act of 1819restricted working age and hours
- 23War of 1812Britain blockaded the US to keep it from engaging in int'l trading
- 24Samuel Slaterbuilt a spinning machine from memory
- 25Moses Brownopened first factory to house Slater's machines; mass produced the thread
- 26Francis Cabot Lowellmechanized every stage in the manufacture of cloth
- 27stockcertain rights of ownership
- 28corporationbusiness owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts
- 29Led the Europe in adopting Britain's new technologyBelgium
- 30William Cockerillcarried secret plans for building spinning machinery
- 31John Cockerillbuilt an enormous industrial enterprise in Belgium
- 32Bohemiaspinning industry
- 33Spaincotton
- 34Northern Italytextile production
- 35Russiaserf labor in factories
- 36Francenational market for French products
- 37Imperialismpolicy of extending one country's rule over many other lands
- 38Laissez faireletting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference
- 39Adam Smithdefended the idea of a free economy
- 40Three Natural Laws of Economics1. Law of Self Interest
2. Law of Competition
3. Law of Supply and Demand - 41Law of Self Interestpeople work for their own good
- 42Law of Competitioncompetition forces people to work better
- 43Law of Supply and Demandenough goods would be produced at the lowest possible price to meet demand in a market economy
- 44Capitalismfactor of production are privately owned
- 45Thomas MalthusAn Essay on the Principle of Population: population increase more rapidly than the food supply
- 46David RicardoPrinciples of Political Economy and Taxation: permanent underclass would always be poor
- 47Jeremy Benthamintroduced Utilitarianism
- 48Utilitarianismjudge base on their utility or usefulness
- 49John Stuart Millled the utilitarian movement
- 50Robert Owenbuilt a utopian village -- New Harmony
- 51Socialismfactors of production are owned by the public
- 52Marxismhuman societies have always been divided into classes --- introduced by Karl Marx
- 53EmployersBourgeousie
- 54WorkersProletariat
- 55Communismform of complete socialism-- means of production would be owned by the people
- 56unionsvoluntary labor associations
- 57strikerefuse to work
- 58Factory Act of 1833illegal to hire children under 9 years old
- 59Mines Act of 1842prevented women and children from working underground
- 60Ten Hours Act of 1847limited workday to ten hours for women and children who worked in factories
- 61William Wilberforceled the fight for end of slave trade
- 62Jane Addams and Ellen Starrran settlement houses/ Hull House
- 63Horace Mannfavored free public education for all children
- 64Alexis De TocquevilleEmphasized goal of reforming prisons
- 65Reasons Why Industrialization took place in Britain1. extensive natural resources
2. expanding economy to support industrialization
3. large population of workers
4. Political stability - 66First industry to be transformedTextile Industry
- 67Effects of Transportation1. spurred industrial growth
2. created new jobs
3. boosted England's agri and fishing industries
4. made travel easier - 68Elizabeth Gaskellwrote Mary Barton -- accurate portrayal of urban life experienced by many at the time