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Description
Flashcards by Bethan Lewis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bethan Lewis
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the seven diatomic elements? | Iodine Bromine Chlorine Fluorine Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen |
| What is a diatomic element | Elements which exist only as molecules of two atoms. |
| What are the charges of the ions: bromide, carbonate, chloride, fluoride, hydroxide, iodide, nitrate, oxide, sulfate? | Bromide: Br - Carbonate: CO3 2- Chloride: Cl - Fluoride: F - Hydroxide: OH - Iodide: I - Nitrate NO3 - Oxide: O 2- Sulfate: SO4 2- |
| What are the charges of the ions: aluminium, ammonium, barium, calcium, copper (II), hydrogen, iron (II), iron (III)? | Aluminium: Al 3+ Ammonium: NH4 + Barium: Ba 2+ Calcium: Ca 2+ Copper (II): Cu 2+ Hydrogen: H + Iron(II): Fe 2+ Iron (III): Fe 3+ |
| What are the charges of the ions: lithium, magnesium, nickel, potassium, silver, sodium, zinc? | Lithium: Li + Magnesium: Mg 2+ Nickel: Ni 2+ Potassium: K + Silver: Ag + Sodium: Na + Zinc: Zn 2+ |
| What are the oxidation number rules? | 1. Uncombined elements are 0 2. Sum of all atoms/ions in a neutral compound is 0 3. Sum of all atoms in an ion is equal to the ion's charge 4. More electronegative element in a substance is negative and less electronegative is positive 5. Fluorine is always -1 6. Oxygen is usually -2 7. Hydrogen is usually +1 8. In compounds, groups 1, 2 and aluminium are +1, +2 and +3 respectively |
| What are the first two most electronegative elements? | 1. fluorine 2. oxygen |
| What are the exceptions to the rules of oxidation numbers? | 1. Hydrogen in a metal hydride (combined with only metal) is -1 2. Oxygen is +2 when combined with F and -1 when in a peroxide 3. Chlorine is not -1 when combined with fluorine/oxygen |
| Give the definitions of oxidation and reduction | Oxidation: when something loses electrons Reduction: when something gains electrons |
| Give the definitions of oxidation number and standard state | Oxidation number: number showing the number of electrons lost/gained by an atom of that element in a compound. Standard state: an element that exists at 25 degrees celcius |
| Give the definitions of spectator ion, total ionic equation and net ionic equation | Spectator ion: Ion that is present in solution but doesn't participate in the precipitation reaction. Total ionic equation: before the spectator ions have been removed. Net ionic equation: after the spectator ions have been removed. |
| What are the steps to writing a net ionic equation? | 1. Balance the molecular equation 2. Split aqueous compounds into ions with charges 3. Cancel out the spectator ions |
| Oxidation number | Number of electrons that need to be added to or taken away from an element to make it neutral |
| When are oxidation numbers used? | Used in redox reactions to show which species is oxidised & which is reduced. |
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