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Description
Flashcards by Britney Matthews, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Britney Matthews
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Terminologia Anatomica Purpose? | The Language of Anatomy - purpose is accuracy and concise |
| What is the Anatomical Position? | head, gaze, toes - foward arms adjacent to body palms facing foward lower limbs close together feet parallel |
| Median plane | vertical plane down midline of body dividing the body into right and left halves |
| Sagittal Plane | Vertical plane parallel to the median plane divides the body into right and left parts |
| Frontal (Coronal) Plane | Vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane divides the body into back and front |
| Horizontal (Transverse) Plane | cuts the body in segments creating a top and bottom part |
| Anterior vs Posterior | front vs back |
| Ventral vs Dorsal | related to CNS front/face vs back |
| Superior vs Inferior | top most vs bottom most closer to head vs closer to feet |
| Medial vs Lateral | closest to midline vs furthest from midline |
| Proximal vs Distal | nearest to axial vs furthest to axial skeleton (related to points of attachments) |
| Rostral (cephalad) vs Caudal | toward the head vs toward the tail (CNS associated) |
| Ipsilateral vs Contralateral | on the same side vs opposite side of body (in reference to the midline) |
| Superficial vs Deep | Toward the surface vs Away from the surface |
| Flexion vs Extension | decrease the angle vs increase the angle |
| Dorsiflexion vs Plantarflexion | Toes up vs point toes down |
| Abduction vs Adduction | outward vs inward to body |
| Lateral rotation vs Medial rotation | external (away from) vs internal (toward) |
| Circumduction | Related to ball and socket joints circular motion |
| Supination vs Pronation | forward vs backward turn Ex. Forearm |
| Inversion vs Eversion | Turn the ankle in vs turn the ankle out |
| Elevation vs Depression | Upwards vs downwards Ex. shoulder |
| Protrusion vs Retrusion | forward vs backward Ex. TMJ |
| Opposition vs Reposition | toward the fingers vs back to anatomical position Ex. the thumb with a saddle joint |
| Functions of Integumentary System | protection, containment, temperature, regulation, sensation, and endocrine |
| Epidermis | superficial and cellular skin component |
| Dermis | deep, connective tissue skin component contains vascular, nerves, and appendages |
| Epithelial Cell Components | Wide arrangements and variety Avascular (located in basement membrane above the blood) Polarity directionality |
| Fascia | dense, organized connective tissue |
| Functions of Fascia | organizes regions into compartments wraps, packs, and insulates deep structures |
| Bursa | closed sac or envelope of serous membrane |
| Retinacula | thickened deep fascia to hold tendons in place where they cross the joint during flexion and extension |
| types of connective tissue | tendons, ligaments, fascia, cartilage, bone, adipose |
| intermuscular septa | extend centrally from fascial sleeve to attach to bone |
| 2 classifications of the skeletal system | Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton |
| Axial Skeleton | Bones of the: head, neck, and trunk |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Bones of the limbs including: pelvic girdle and pectoral girdle |
| What is bone? | Highly specialized hardened connective tissue |
| What is bone mineralized by? | Calcium and phosphate |
| What is osteocytes? | the living "bone cells" |
| Types of osteocytes | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| Periosteum | fibrous connective tissue covering skeletal element like a sleeve around bones, except at the articular cartilage |
| Perichondrium | fibrous connective tissue covering cartilage |
| What are the 2 types of bone? | Compact bone and spongy bone |
| Classifications of Bone | Long Bones Short Bones Flat Bones Irregular Bones Sesamoid Bones |
| Compact Bone and its function | Superficial thin hard layer on bone. Provides strength for weight bearing |
| Spongy Bone | central mass surrounded by the compact bone |
| Medullary Cavity | marrow cavity either red or yellow bone marrow |
| Function of long bones | Tubular bone for rigidity and attachment of muscles and ligaments |
| Long bone Shape | contains the: Diaphysis - shaft (greatest amount of compact bone) Epiphysis - end Metaphysis - middle |
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