6417118
Description
Flashcards by Britney Matthews, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Britney Matthews
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Nervous System is divided structurally into... | CNS and PNS |
| Nervous System is divided functionally into... | SNS and ANS |
| Central Nervous System | brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | nerve fibers and their nerve cell bodies that reside outside the CNS CN I-XII and 31 spinal nerves |
| What is the functional unit of the nervous system? | Neurons |
| What are neurons composed of? | cell body, dendrites, and axons |
| Neuronal axons (nerve fibers) | transmit impulses to other neurons or to a target organ or muscle |
| Sensory Nerves | transmit impulses to the CNS from peripheral sensory organs |
| Nucleus | collection of nerve cell bodies in CNS |
| Ganglion | nerve cell body aggregation in the PNS |
| Tract | bundle of nerve fibers that connect the nuclei in CNS |
| Nerve | bundle of nerve fibers, the connective tissue holding it together, and blood vessels |
| Cranial Nerves | nerves exiting the cranium |
| Spinal Nerves | nerves exiting the vertebral column |
| Nervous tissues consists of 2 types of cells | neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (glia cells) |
| What 3 layers make up the meninges/spinal cord? | pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater |
| Pia mater | innermost meningeal layer, delicate, transparent covering |
| Where is the cerebrospinal fluid located? | Subdural space. between the pia mater and arachnoid mater |
| Dura Mater | thick tough layer external to pia and arachnoid mater |
| What separates the dura mater from vertebral column? | The fat filled epidural space |
| Peripheral Nervous System Function | nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS conduct impulses to/away from CNS |
| Central Nervous System Function | brain and spinal cord. integrate and coordinate incoming/outgoing neural signals, carry out higher mental functions |
| Nerve Fiber consists of... | axon, neurolemma,and surrounding endoneurial connective tissue |
| Neurolemma | Schwann Cells surrounding axon (myelinated or unmyelinated) |
| Nerve fibers are supported and protected by... | Endoneurium, Perineurium, and Epineurium |
| PNS consists of what 2 nerve fibers? | afferent and efferent fibers |
| Afferent fibers | sensory convey neural impulses to CNS from sense organs |
| Efferent Fibers | motor convey neural impulses from CNS to effector muscles |
| Cranial Nerves | CN I-XII exit the cranium foramina |
| Spinal Nerves | 31 pairs (plus spinal root XI) exit the vertebral column thru intervertebral foramina |
| Spinal Level vs Vertebral Level | cord vs bone |
| Where do spinal nerves originally arise from? | nerve rootlets |
| Rootlets converge into 2 nerve roots... | Anterior (ventral) nerve root Posterior (dorsal) nerve root |
| Anterior Nerve Roots | motor (efferent) fibers nerve cell bodies in anterior horn of gray matter to effector organs |
| Posterior Nerve Roots | sensory (afferent) fibers from cell bodies in spinal or posterior root ganglion extending peripherally to sensory endings and centrally to posterior horn of gray matter |
| What forms when posterior and anterior nerve roots unite? | Spinal nerve |
| What happens after the spinal nerve forms from the posterior and anterior nerve roots? | divides into posterior and anterior rami |
| Dermatome | unilateral area of skin innervated by sensory fibers of single spinal nerve |
| Myotome | unilateral muscle innervated by single spinal nerve |
| Posterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves | supply synovial joints, deep muscles of back, and overlying skin in segmental pattern (NO PLEXUSES) |
| Anterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves | supply anterior/lateral areas of trunk, UEs, LEs. Can form into somatic nerve PLEXUSES creating multisegmental peripheral nerves |
| Somatic Fibers | somatosensory fibers and somatic motor fibers |
| Somatosensory Fibers | transmit sensation from body to CNS exteroceptive or proprioceptive senstaions |
| Somatic Motor | transmit impulses to skeletal muscles |
| Visceral Fibers | visceral sensory fibers and visceral motor fibers |
| Visceral sensory fibers | smallest component transmit pain or subconscious visceral reflex sensations Ex. stretch and distention and nonlocalized abd pain |
| Visceral Motor Fibers | impulses to smooth muscle and glandular tissues presynaptic and postsynaptic |
| Somatic Nervous System |
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