6531018
Description
Flashcards by Toby Zheng, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Toby Zheng
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is Diegetic sound? | Sound in the characters' world that they [can] react to. They are in the story and can be on or off screen |
| What is Non Diegetic sound? | Sound not in the story/character's world for the benefit of the audience [eg. VO narration, score music] |
| What is Meta Diegetic sound? | Diegetic + Non Diegetic sound; used for emphasis ['sonic subtext'] |
| What are Voiced (Vocalized) sounds? | where the larynx/voicebox is used; responsible for emotions (eg. vowels) |
| What are Unvoiced sounds? | noise elements (clicks, buzzes) of speech we create with our teeth, tongue, lips and palette; responsible for intelligibility |
| What are Formants? | frequency bands which are boosted due to resonance in our body (so everyone can have a unique voiceprint) |
| What are Phonemes? | distinct particles of speech with unique frequency content (eg. 'P', 'S', 'N') |
| What is the most important element of storytelling? | Dialogue |
| What is Spotting? | the process of planning the repair, replacement and/or embellishment of Dialogue, SFX, Music, Foley and Sound Designed elements |
| What is Room Tone? | recorded on set for technical reasons and use in post production. Used to fill the gaps of edits in a given AMBIENCE |
| What is M.O.S. (Mitt Out Sound)? | a scene that is shot without any dialogue recording |
| What are the 4 steps for dialogue editing procedure? | 1. Identify and note impeding factors 2. remove (edit out) 3. replace (with similar sound) 4. extract PFX |
| What are Production FX (PFX)? | sounds that were satisfactorily recorded on the film set as part of the dialogue track |
| What does ADR stand for? | Automatic/Automated Dialogue Replacement |
| What is ADR ('looping') primarily used for? | to re-record dialogue that couldn’t be salvaged during the editing process |
| What is Walla? | the recreation of background human dialogue specific to a scene, but not making a narrative contribution (bg people sound) |
| What is 3-Beep and the typical technical setup? | Supplies a count-in for actors during ADR 2 x 500Hz tones & 1 x 100Hz tone |
| What is Foley? | the PERFORMANCE of sound in SYNC with picture (clothing, footsteps, prop handling) |
| What are Specifics? | event that is implied or has a visual ‘hit point’ |
| What are Backgrounds (BGs)? | Sounds without a visual 'hit point'; characterize the atmosphere; provide sense of geography & acoustics |
| What is Worldizing? | Process of playing back and recording sounds in the actual environment you are editing them into |
| What is a Partial? | a single frequency component of a complex waveform |
| What are Harmonic Partials (Harmonics)? | Integer multiples of the fundamental |
| What is a Harmonic Series? | The group of all the harmonic partials |
| What is a Noise Waveform? | a signal of randomly generated frequency content |
| What is an Octave? | a doubling of frequency |
| What is the difference between Source Music and Musical Score? | Source Music is in the story (Diegetic) and Musical Score comments on the story world (Non-Diegetic) |
| What does Source Music help to establish / reinforce? | time period, geography and character |
| What are 2 categories of Source Music? | Original (closer relationship to film) and Pre-Existing (associated response & copyright + licensing) |
| What are the 3 different Source Music licensings? | 1. Synchronization (sync to picture, use notes/lyrics) 2. Master use (can use actual song) 3. Mechanical (for soundtrack release) |
| What are 3 basic functions Musical Score performs? | 1. Play to the action on screen 2. Play against the action on screen 3. Play to the subtext (unspoken thoughts/motives of characters. DON'T overuse) |
| What is a Closed Score? | There are other sounds (foley, SFX, atmosphere, etc) present [Limitations] |
| What is an Open Score? | There are NO other sounds (foley, SFX, atmosphere, etc) present [NO limitations] |
| What are Atmospheres (what do they do)? | sets the depth of field, emotional state of story, location, time of day, and season |
| List and explain the 3 categories of Atmospheres | 1. Non-descript air: minimal movement of soft air/room tone 2. Air with pitch movement: defines 'character' of atmosphere. voice of INT or EXT location 3. Air interaction with objects: air interacting with leaves, branches, sand, etc (can be offscreen) |
| What are the 2 forms of optical sound recording (done prior to 1950's)? | 1. Variable Density (Light density) 2. Variable Area (Waveform) |
| What is Imaging? | Refers to creating an illusion of space by placing objects in the stereo field |
| What kind of harmonic partials are square and triangle waves made of? | Only odd harmonic partials |
| What is a Noise Waveform? | A signal of randomly generated frequency content. |
| What kind of harmonic partials are sawtooth waves made of? | All harmonic partials at specific amplitudes |
| What is Pink Noise? | Has equal amount of energy per octave band of the audio spectrum. |
| What is White Noise? | Has equal amount of energy per frequency. |
| What is the Associative Power of Sound? | Everything beyond the physical/acoustic nature of sounds. Emotions, ideas and/or images provoked by and connected to sound. |
| What is Common to Humanity (Levels of Association)? | Sounds all humans are exposed to, regardless of where they live (ex. water running, children laughing) |
| What are Culturally Specific (Levels of Association)? | Sounds and music related to specific areas of the world OR specific cultural groups. (ex. languages and dialects, traditional music and instruments, ambience and landscapes) |
| What are Historically Specific (Levels of Association)? | Sounds and music common to a specific historical place or time. (ex. ambience and soundscape, technological*, mechanical, music of an era) |
| What is Common to Production? | Sounds (and music) common to a specific film, product, video game, company, etc. Used for product recognition (ex. Mario theme, Imperial March from Star Wars, Intel logo sound) |
| What is Emotional Encoding? | Sound designers can layer sounds with strong emotional associations. (ex. a lion's roar hidden in an engine sound; emotional content and ADSR) Intended to be subliminal, manipulating the consumer unconsciously. Must be used sparingly. |
| What is a Field Recording? | Any recording made outside of a controlled studio environment. |
| What are Wild Lines? | Alternate dialogue lines intended for sync to picture or ADR sessions but recorded on location after a scene is completed. |
| What are Wild Sounds? | Sounds outside of dialogue that may be used for other categories in an edit- FX/ATMOS/FOLEY. (ex. if there are vintage cars on set, ask to record their engines) |
| In what situations would you contact the 1st/2nd Assistant (Points of Contact)? | Electrical, lighting (do NOT touch), locations (building/set issues), recording issues with a actors (mics/lavs), scene slate changes (make sure they match up) |
| In what situations would you contact the Project Manager (Points of Contact)? | Hiring, wages, contract (name and credit), scheduling. |
| What are the 3 ways to do DFN (Day for Night)? | Int: black out all sources with heavy 'night sheets'. Can add in night FX later. Ext: use blue filters/adjusting film exposure to 'darken' film light (can put a physical dark/blue piece of glass in front of the lens) CGI: adjust film exposure with software (non destructive, cost effective to a degree) |
| What are Daily Script 'Sides'? | Collection of dialogue lines from the script intended to be recorded on a specific day of the shoot. (Usually) not in chronological order and obtained from AD department morning of shoot. |
| What is the Abbey Singer shot? | 2 shots before wrap/end of shoot day. |
| What is the Martini shot? | Last shot before end/wrap of shoot day. |
| What are the Aspect Ratios for Standard TV (SD Broadcast) and Widescreen (HD)? | Standard - 4:3 Widescreen - 16:9 |
| What is Blocking? | Staging of actors on set to prep departments for rehearsal. |
| What is a Double System? | Audio and video being recorded separately. (for film/TV/etc) |
| Why use Sync Tone? | To calibrate meters between field mixer and camera line input. |
| What is (Industry Standard) Sync Tone? | 1000Hz (1kHz) at -20dBFS recorded in WAV |
| What are names based on when cataloguing SFX? | Category (generic, broadband name) Sub-category (break down of a category) Unique Quality (adjectives/descriptions) |
| When describing Unique Qualities, what are some sonic characteristics that should be kept in mind (when naming SFX)? | Frequency content / change in frequency, Horizontal space / change in panning, Presence / Absence, Harmonicity (ex. noisy, tuned), Time |
| What are some basic guidelines (though they change from job to job) for naming SFX? | - No descriptive negatives - 31 character limit - Begin keywords with capitals - Use Commas,Spaces OR_Underscores (choose one- spaces might be good to start) |
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