Culture & Diversity

Question	Answer
Individualism	A cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks and their primary to concern is for themselves and their families.
High Power Distance	bosses are afforded more power titles are used, formality is the rule and authority is seldom with by passed.
High Uncertainty Avoidance	concerned with security attended to avoid conflict. People have a need for consensus. The inherent uncertainty in life is a threat against which people in such cultures constantly struggle.
Masculinity	assertiveness, and materialism are valued. Money and possessions are important and performance is what counts. Achievement is admired.
Collectivism	A cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks and they depend strongly on large extended families or clans.
Low Power Distance	People believe that inequality in society should be minimized. Managers and employees see one another as similar.
Lower Uncertainty Avoidance	More tolerant of ambiguity. People are more willing to take risks and more tolerant of individual differences.
Feminists	Emphasize relationships and concern for others.
Diversity	About dignity, respect & being a human being. Remember REGARDS Race Ethnicity Gender Age Religion Disabilities Sexual Orientation
Culture	The lens through which we see the world.
Steps to Enhance Cultural Sensitivity	Start with Awareness Grows with Knowledge Enhanced with Specific Skills Polished Through Cross-Cultural Interactionss
Cultural Time Orientation PAST	Used to being powerful in the past such as China, Great Britain, Australia and North America. Seek traditional medicine
Culture Time Orientation FUTURE	Seen as cultures of wealth. People tend to be optimistic and tend to assume that new medication is better.
Culture Time Orientation PRESENT	Focus on here and now - 3rd world countries. God will take care of everything. No matter what it is God's will. Will need to spend more time educating them on modern medicine. Avoid immunization and prolonged use of Rex
Relationship to Nature	US: body is a machine and medicine can fix it Others: natural methods; God's will
Family Organization	Anglo-American: everyone equal Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Asian: hierarchical model where status and power matter; based on age, gender, title and authority; 3-4 generations under 1 roof and care for their elderly
Gender	Gender of HC provider, strict sexual segregation, modesty, female physicians, male nurses, touching
Language & Reading Ability	Some express differently if bilingual depending on native tongue May be more emotional in home language Use partner or spouse rather than husband/wife
Ethnicity/Country of Origin	Race = physical attributes Ethnicity = specific attributes that exceed the limitation of the definition of race
Sprituality	Some cultures believe that pictures take the soul Touching of the head is taboo in Asia
Religion	Depending on faith various understandings/expectations affect health, illness and daily life.
Nine Elements of Culture Competence	Life Pain Decision Making Health Illness Mental Health Terminal Illness Life Support End of Life Death
Life	Develop relationships with patients and work to build trust. Develop a constant, a delicate balance between adequate communication and time constraints. Direct and to the point questioning is considered improper and may suggest a lack of personal interest.
Pain	Educate the patient on the need for controlling pain and possible consequences that can occur if not properly managed. Offer pain meds when the condition warrants it and insist upon giving it when necessary.
Decision Making	Always ask patients who they want involved in their medical decisions. Be patient and understand if a patient wants to wait for others to help in making healthcare decisions.
Health Illness	Be careful not to demonstrate negative bias toward folk medicine. Diminishes trust.
Mental Illness	Educated pts about their options. Explain meds to the pts explaining possibilities for addition but your partnership in making them better is a priority.
Terminal Illness	Take "blaming" issues into account. Reassure survivors that they have done what they can. Use an interpreter to ensure clear communication - not a family member. CA high among minorities
Life Support	Consider that decisions might be made by the family, death has different stages, pts might believe in reincarnation, families believe in certain procedures regarding death
End of Life	Identify cultural and religious influences on removing life support. Seek a sensitive approach to end of life decisions. Be culturally sensitive with family. Understand how family and patient culture can complicate the giving and sharing of info. Ask questions in a sensitive manner.
Death	Use clear and specific language so families can prepare for decisions related to palliative care. Ask about preferences and rituals to better understand their needs.

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	Created by Beth Ryther about 8 years ago