SOLAR HEATING OF THE EARTH

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Flashcards on the solar heating of the Earth
Rawan Ibrahim
Flashcards by Rawan Ibrahim, updated more than 1 year ago
Rawan Ibrahim
Created by Rawan Ibrahim about 8 years ago
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Question Answer
What is the sun powered by? Nuclear fusion.
How do hydrogen nuclei produce helium nuclei and large amounts of energy? They combine together at extreme temperatures and pressures to produce them.
How much energy is there per square meter of the sun's surface in watts? It is 63 millions watts per square meter.
How much energy is there over the sun's whole surface in watts? 378 billion, billion, billion watts
How much of the total energy from the sun is used by the human activities? 15 thousand billion watts which is about ten-trillionth of the Sun's energy output.
What is the solar energy that enters the Earth's atmosphere called? Electromagnetic radiation.
What is an electromagnetic spectrum? A range of different forms of light and other energy carrying waves.
Which type of wavelength ( shorter or longer ) do X-ray's and ultraviolet lights have? Shorter wavelengths
Which type of wavelength ( shorter or longer ) does infrared radiation have? Longer wavelengths.
What is the ozone layer? A thin layer high in the atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet radiation.
What would happen if the ozone layer did not absorb ultraviolet radiation? The ultraviolet radiation would reach Earth's surface and increase sunburn and rates of skin cancer.
What are some examples of high energy forms of electromagnetic radiation that could damage cells in living organisms? Gamma rays and X-rays.
How can this be prevented from happening? The nitrogen and oxygen molecules absorb them.
What affect does this have? It heats the air but protects living organisms from potentially harmful rays.
What are greenhouse gases? They are gases in the atmosphere that absorb electromagnetic radiation.
What are some examples of greenhouse gases? Water vapor, methane and carbon dioxide.
What do greenhouse gases do? They absorb lower energy waves such as infrared radiation.
What does infrared radiation do? Carry heat energy.
How is balance maintained in Earth in order for all life to exist? It happens when as much as the energy radiated out into space in the same which the Earth receives from the Sun.
What would happen if less energy was lost than gained? The Earth would slowly heat up.
What would happen if more energy was lost than gained? The Earth would slowly cool down.
What is the greenhouse effect? Absorption of electromagnetic radiation by gases in the atmosphere, warming Earth.
What is the enhanced greenhouse effect? Effect of increase in greenhouse gas concentration
What is the brown "smog" sometimes seen over cities? It is a combination of nitrogen oxides and other pollutants with moisture in the air.
How can volcanoes influence climate? They release carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas which could contribute to warming.
What would happen if there were no ocean currents? The climates in many parts of the world would be different.
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