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Description
Flashcards by Courtney Westerberg, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Courtney Westerberg
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| A tool used to understand and describe the world; a general framework of ideas and how they relate to each other. | Theory |
| Component of theories; beliefs that are taken for granted or believed to be true. | Assumptions |
| The terms and specific ideas used in building the theory. | Concepts |
| Statements that demonstrate how concepts fit together in a context | Propositions |
| A theory's ability to help us generate questions | Heuristic Value |
| Moving from specific bits of information toward a general idea. | Inductive Reasoning |
| Taking a general idea from a theory and testing it to tease out details | Deductive Reasoning |
| Radical changes or shifts in scientific views | Paradigm Shifts |
| What are the 5 functions of theories? | Descriptive function, sensitizing function, integrative function, explanatory function, and value function. |
| List 5 ways to evaluate theories. | 1) Clarity of concepts 2) Consistency 3) Acknowledgement of limits 4) Ethical implications 5) Openness to change and modification |
| What 4 ways do families differ from other social groups? | 1) families last much longer and require lifetime memberships 2) families are intergenerational 3) families represent biological relationships 4) families are connected to larger kinship networks |
| A social group characterized by common residence, economic cooperation, and reproduction | Family |
| This theory is based on the "organic analogy"; that society is like the human body (society is also composed of many parts that must function together to work properly) | Structural Functionalism Theory |
| The view that social science should be based on empirical observations | Positivism |
| PERSON: Comparative sociology, helped with the framework of SF; worked in Australia and Africa on economic circumstances and kinship ideas | Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, 1950s - 1960s |
| PERSON: Believed that behaviour was driven by our efforts to conform the moral code of society; applied SF to family life and concluded that husbands and wives must play certain roles | Parsons |
| What are the two central components of SF? | The function of families is to procreate and socialize children; and all systems have functions |
| What are the 5 patterns variables that reflect the value orientation of individuals and societies as they make decisions about what actions to take? | Ascription/Achievement Diffuseness/Specificity Particularism/Universalism Affectivity/Affective Neutrality Collectivity/Self |
| Explain each: Ascription/Achievement Diffuseness/Specificity Particularism/Universalism Affectivity/Affective Neutrality Collectivity/Self | 1. Born into/work for, get 2. Lot of people for lot of things (skin)/one person who does a specific thing (doctor, gall bladder) 3. Person-specific behaviours (grandmother, friends)/"feminine" behaviours (higher pitch, smiling more) 4. Emotional expressiveness/emotion not involved, utile 5. Interests in others/interest in self |
| The composition of the family | Structure |
| Tasks that need to be performed within a family to ensure its physical survival (who does this go to?) | Instrumental (Husband) |
| The relationship interactions necessary for the psychological satisfaction of family members (who does this go to?) | Expressive (Wife) |
| Refers to the traditional nuclear family composed of a husband, wife and children | The Benchmark Family |
| A person who rejects both the normative goals and the means to obtain them | Retreatism |
| What are the 4 essential functions that the family provides to all societies? | Sexual, reproduction, socialization, and economic |
| Use theory to explain data --> "top down" | Deductive |
| What is the standard way of research? | Deductive |
| Use data to develop theory --> "grounded theory" from ground up | Inductive |
| _______ is based on _________, which are comprised of ____________, which can be linked together to form ____________. | Theory, assumptions, concepts, propositions |
| PERSON: Tries to categorize deviation for SF | Merton |
| What are some critiques of SF? | -A fairly broad topic -Can't really account for non-environmentally driven change -Deviation can't really be accounted for |
| How might SF be different if created in today's society? | -If it were created by someone with the same viewpoints, there would be a lot of backlash -Would include more variations of families but social ideal would be the same |
| In the same way that a family must ______ in order to continue itself, a wheelchair basketball team must _______ new members. This is termed the _______ of the system. | Procreate, recruit, function |
| What 2 types of socialization was mentioned in the wheelchair basketball study and the main agents of each? | 1. Initial/Peers 2. Continuing/Coaches |
| What are two fundamental weaknesses of the Family Development Theory? | 1. The assumption that the stages are universally experienced by all families 2. The bias toward the experience of a single generation |
| Family development can be analyzed at what 4 different levels? | 1. The individual family member 2. Family relationships 3. The Family Group 4. The institution of family |
| Who were the primary scholars of Family Development Theory? | Duvall and Hill |
| What are some assumptions of Family Development Theory? | -Families change one time -Tasks are associated with each stage of development -Institutional and social norms shape these stages and tasks -Development is reciprocal |
| Behaviours and attitudes shaped by society, internalized, affected by our personalities and experiences | Role |
| Childbearing after marriage; early education precedes marriage | Normative sequencing |
| What are the stages of the Family Life Cycle Theory? | 1-5 expansion - courtship & marriage, babies, preschoolers, school-aged kids, adolescents 6-8 contraction - launch young adults, empty nest middle years, aging & dying |
| What are the 4 stages of Family Career Theory? | -Establishing couples -Parenting -Return to couple hood Aging |
| Who expanded on FDT ideas with the concept of time? | Bengston and Allen (1990s) |
| Who expanded on FDT & developed B&A's work with the concepts of historical and geographic location? | Elder and Giele (2000s) |
| Who applied FDT to family therapy? | Carter and McGoldrock (1990s) |
| Who developed Systemic FD and what is it? | Laszloffy Like a layer cake, each generation influences the one below and above. |
| What are some critiques of Family Development Theory? | -Theory is descriptive rather than predictive -Viewed deviance as negative (too lock-step) |
| Methodology associated with Symbolic Interactionism Theory; individuals' responses, subjective experiences are highlighted. Theory generated from data; interview-heavy data, very descriptive. Not a theory | Grounded Theory |
| Seeking evidence to support claims | Empiricism |
| What is impulsive, selfish, unorganized, and demanding? It is instinctive. | "I" (Id) |
| What has incorporated other or generalized other? (how society views my actions; moderates behaviour, attitudes, expectations). It is learned. | "Me" (superego) |
| PERSON: For SI, we learn about ourselves through interacting with others; self develops through early childhood stages of "I" and "Me" | Mead, 1900s |
| PERSON: (SI) We use what others think about to form ideas about ourselves (internalized racism, sexism, homophobia, etc.) | Cooley, 1900s |
| PERSON: (SI) One of the first to apply these ideas to families: social location - must understand families' subjectivity | Thomas, early 1900s |
| PERSON: Synthesizes prior thought into "symbolic interactionism" | Blume, early mid. 1900s |
| Something that represents something else, shorthand | Symbol |
| Different roles have different importance at different times | Salience |
| Characteristics that make an individual recognizable | Identity |
| What are the 3 categories of the 7 basic assumptions of SI? | 1. Meaning 2. Humans develop a sense of self 3. Humans' society shapes them significantly |
| What are the 3 of the 7 basic assumptions that go under the first category, Meaning? | -people react to something according to the meaning it has to them -positive & negative meanings are learned through interactions with others -we take our meanings & bring them to bear on other situations |
| What are the 2 of the 7 basic assumptions that go under the second category, Humans develop a sense of self? | -children develop sense of self through interactions with others -adults' sense of self incorporates others' perceptions |
| What are the 2 of the 7 basic assumptions that go under the third category, Humans' society shapes them significantly? | -individuals influenced by cultural values -these are learned by living in society |
| What are some critiques of SI? | -not well organized -not incredibly predictive -emotions and feelings not addressed |
| How close or unified a family feels and how economically independent they are | Integration |
| What are the 4 stages that families go through when faced with a stressful situation? | Crisis, disorganization, recovery, and reorganization |
| What are a, b, c, and X in the abc-x model? | a - stressor b - resources c - perception x - crisis |
| What are the 3 types/kinds of stressor events? | 1. Normative or non-normative (predicated or not) 2. Ambiguous or clear 3. Volitional or non-volitional (planned or not) |
| A stressor that you expect to last a long time | Chronic stressor |
| A stressor that happens quickly and does not last very long, but it is intense when it is happening | Acute stressor |
| What 3 categories do resources fall into? | Individual, family, and community |
| Cognitively reframing the problem so that it does not seem so overwhelming | Intrapsychic coping |
| Who created the abc-x model from the 1940s? | Hills |
| What are the 8 criteria that affect the degree to which a stressor will impact a family? | -internal (+) or external -individual (+) or group -sudden or gradual (+) -severity, magnitude (low (+) or high) -short term (+) or long term -expected (+) or not natural (+) or unnatural |
| Who came up with the 8 criteria that affect the degree to which a stressor will impact a family? | Lipman-Bluman, 1970s |
| Who came up with the 3 categories of resources? | McCubbin and Patterson, 1980s |
| What are the 3 ways to use resources (coping)? | -direct actions -intrapsychic coping -controlling emotions |
| Who created the Double ABC-X model? | McCubbin and Patterson |
| What is the MEES? | Mundane extreme environmental stress (meant for racism, although can be used for other minorities) |
| What is the FAAR? | Family adjustment and adaption response (processes of communication and coping) |
| The inherited practices, codes, beliefs, and traditions that shape what families do on a daily basis but that are often hidden from view | Implicit Theories |
| What is being family? | -loyalty -spending time together -love, other emotions -biological/genetic connection -shared history |
| What are the 3 recommendations for family theories? | 1. Belief, feeling, intuition 2. Consumption of things 3. Location of family members in time and space |
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