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Flashcards by Michelle Newell, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define amount of substance | the quantity whose unit is the mole. |
| Define the Avogadro constant | the number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope |
| Define mole | the amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope. |
| Define molar mass | the mass per mole of a substance. The units of molar mass are g mol-1 |
| Define empirical formula | the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in each element in a compound |
| Define molecule | a small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| Define molecular formula | the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound |
| Define molar volume | the volume per mole of a gas. The units of molar volume are dm3mol-1. At RTP the molar volume is approx 24.0dm3mol-1 |
| Define concentration | the amount of solute, in mol, dissolved per 1dm3 of solution |
| Define standard solution | a solution of known concentration. Normally used to determine unknown information about another substance |
| Define species | any type of particle that takes place in a chemical reaction |
| Define stoichiometry | molar relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction |
| Define acid | a species that is a proton donor |
| Define base | a species that is a proton acceptor |
| Define alkalis | a type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions |
| Define salt | a chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion |
| Define cation | positively charged ion |
| Define anion | negatively charged ion |
| Define hydrated | a crystalline compound containing water molecules |
| Define anhydrous | a substance that contains no water molecules |
| Define water of crystallisation | water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound |
| Define oxidation number | a measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with other atoms of another element |
| Define oxidation | the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation number |
| Define reduction | the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation number |
| Define redox reaction | a reaction in which both reduction and oxidation take place |
| Define reducing agent | is a reagent that reduces another species |
| Define oxidising agent | a reagent that oxidises another species |
| Define isotopes | are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons |
| Define atomic (proton) number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Define mass (nucleon) number | the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclesus |
| Define ion | a positively or negatively charged atom or group of atoms |
| Define isotopic mass | the mass of an atom of an isotope compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 |
| Define relative atomic mass | the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 |
| Define relative molecular mass | the weighted mean mass of a molecule compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 |
| Define relative formula mass | the weighted mean mass of a formula unit compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 |
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