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Description
Flashcards by Shauna Ryner, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Shauna Ryner
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 4 types of Tissues | Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous |
| Epithelial Tissue | It is a covering and a lining |
| Nervous Tissue | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Muscle Tissue | 3 types - smooth, cardiac, and skeletal |
| Connective Tissue | Most abundant tissue by weight. It is everywhere. It is vascular Eg: blood. |
| Number of cell layers in the 4 types of tissue layers | 1) Simple -1 row 2) Stratified - more than 1 row 3) Pseudostratified - False rows. Not actually stacked. Usu. columnar cells 4) Transitional - Cells changing shape. |
| Cell Shapes | Squamous Cuboidal Columnar |
| Squamous | Tend to be flat |
| Cuboidal | Look like cubes. Very round nucleus with cytoplasm on all 4 sides. Located where there is absorption or secretion |
| Columnar | Nucleus usually in bottom 1/3 with cytoplasm on top. Simple columnar in digestive system |
| Transitional Epithelial Cells | In bladder and urethra and ureters |
| Simple Squamous Epithelium | Above basement membrane (more superficial). Use nucleus placement for identification*** (Nucleus in 1 row) |
| Simple Columnar Epithelium | Goblet cells. Most likely trachea or intestinal/digestive tract |
| Stratified squamous epithelium | Multiple nuclei rows. Esophagus. Non-karatinized (no need for waterproofing) |
| Stratified cuboidal epithelium | Salivary gland - equal cytoplasm, nuclei in centres of cells |
| Transitional Epithelium | In organs that change shape. eg. bladder |
| Epithelial Tissue Surface Specialization | 1) Smooth Surfaces 2) Microvilli 3) Cilia 4) Keratin |
| Epithelial Tissue Surface Specialization - Smooth Surfaces | Eg. linings of blood vessels |
| Epithelial Tissue Specialization - Microvilli | Multiple finger - like projections Increases surface area of cell/plasma membrane Absorption, secretion (eg. intestinal or urinary tract) |
| Epithelial Tissue Surface Specialization - Cilia | Multiple hair-like projections Transport material along cell/tissue surface (eg. trachea and mucus) |
| Epithelial Tissue Surface Specialization - Keratin | Protective waterproof substance in mature epithelial cells |
| Pseudostratified columnar with cilia | Eg lungs or trachea |
| Keratinized stratified squamous | High area of friction. Could be skin or esophagus, but we have a cornified (keratin) layer, which won't be present in esophagus |
| Connective Tissue Classification - 2 types | Proper and Specialized |
| Connective Tissue Classification - Proper Type | a) Loose -Areolar -Adipose -Reticular b) Dense -Regular -Irregular -Elastic |
| Connective Tissue Classification - Specialized Type | a) Bone -Spongy -Compact b) Blood c) Cartilage -Hyaline -Elastic -Fibrocartilage |
| Loose Connective Tissue - Adipose | Fat. Looks like big fat ping pong balls |
| Loose connective tissue - Areolar | Most abundant. Very loose. There are so many adipose cells in the body. Overweight people have larger adipose cells, and when they lose weight the cells shrink, but never disappear. |
| Loose reticular connective tissue | Framework of organs |
| Dense regular connective tissue | Achilles tendon (for an example) |
| Dense Irregular Connective Tissue | Some branching, not perfectly straight and linear. Provides more give. Eg. heart pumping |
| Elastic Connective Tissue | Need them to open and close quickly. Eg. in arteries |
| Spongy Bone | Area where blood is produced |
| Cartilage: Hyaline | Bluish tinge on view (microscope) Eg. trachea. Has some give |
| Cartilage: Elastic | Areas where we need recoil. Eg. outer ear |
| Cartilage: Fibrocartilage | In areas of compression. Eg. b/w vertebrae |
| Muscle Tissue | Smooth - no control over (eg. stomach. Involuntary) Cardiac - Heart muscle Skeletal - Voluntary. Biceps and triceps |
| Cardiac Muscle | Intercalated discs are the only way to tell the difference between cardiac and other types. 1 nucleus/cell. On slides note dark pink lines - intercalated discs |
| Skeletal Muscle | Nuclei in periphery of cell. Can be binuceated. Lots of striations. Super long cells. |
| Smooth Muscle | No striations, short and branching cells. Lining hollow organs (eg. bladder) |
| Nervous Tissue | No connective tissue within the brain and spinal cord. Space occupied by glial cells. Neurons have larger cell body and nuclei +/- axons |
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