6875273
Description
Flashcards by McKenzie Sanders, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by McKenzie Sanders
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the 2 divisions of the CNS? | Brain and spinal cord |
| What are the 2 divisions of the PNS? | Somatic and autonomic |
| What is the soma? What is its function? | Cell body Protein production |
| What are dendrites attached to? What is their function? | Attached to soma Function: receives information from terminal buttons of other neurons (input) |
| What is the axon attached to at each end? | Soma & terminal buttons |
| What is the function of myelin? | Myelin is a fatty substance that covers and insulates the axon |
| What are the terminal buttons attached to? What is their function? | Attached to the end of an axon branch Function: forms synapse with another neuron (output) |
| What is a synapse? | The junction between the terminal button and another neuronal membrane |
| What is the direction of messages in a neuron? | Enters at dendrites, goes through soma down to initial segment of axon, leaves at terminal buttons |
| What are the 3 types of neurons? How do they differ? | Unipolar neuron: Leaves the soma and divides into 2 branches Bipolar neuron: One axon and one dendritic tree at opposite ends of the soma Multipolar neuron: One axon and many dendritic trees |
| What type of neuron is the "typical" neuron? | Multipolar neuron |
| What is axoplasmic transport? What makes it "active"? | The process by which substances are transported up and down the axon. "Active" because it requires ATP & uses energy |
| What is anterograde axoplasmic transport? | Moves away from the cell body to the terminal buttons |
| Which protein is involved in anterograde axoplasmic transport? Is it fast or slow? | Kinesin Fast |
| What is retrograde axoplasmic transport? | Moves towards the cell body |
| Which protein is involved in retrograde axoplasmic transport? Is it fast or slow? | Dynein Slow |
| What are the basic functions of glia? | Provide physical and chemical buffers to isolate neurons Surround neurons and hold them in place Control the supply of chemicals Insulate neurons from each other to keep signals apart Destroying and removing dead cells |
| What are the 4 types of glia? | Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Schwann cells |
| What are the functions of astrocytes? | Physical support Clean up debris (phagocytosis) Produce chemicals Aid in controlling extracellular chemical environment Providing nourishment BBB Control blood flow Surrounding and isolating synapses |
| What are the functions of oligodendrocytes? | Providing support to axons Producing myelin sheath Nodes of Ranvier |
| Are oligodendrocytes continuous or segmented? | Segmented |
| What are the functions of microglia? | Phagocytes: breaking down dead and dying neurons Immune system in the brain Protecting brain from microorganisms Inflammatory response to brain damage |
| What is the function of Schwann cells? | Provide myelination in the PNS Providing myelin for a single axon or part of a single axon Can guide regrowth in case of axon damage |
| How many Schwann cells per segment? | One |
| Where is the only place that Schwann cells are found? | PNS |
| What is the function of the BBB? | Regulating composition of extracellular fluid |
| What molecule is actively transported across the BBB? | Glucose |
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