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Description
Flashcards by Faiza Pathan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Faiza Pathan
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is an Earthquake? | 1: Shaking and vibration of the Earth's crust 2: Due to movement of the Earth's plates (plate tectonics) * can happen along any type of plate boundary * |
| How do Earthquakes occur? | 1: Tension is released from inside the crust 2:Plates get stuck ( Happens if the plates are not moving smoothly past each other) 3: Pressure builds up 4: Pressure is eventually released 5: EARTHQUAKE!! #Possible |
| What is the Focus? | The point inside the crust where the pressure is released |
| What is the Epicenter? | The point on the Earth's surface above the focus |
| How is the Earthquakes energy released? | 1: Energy released in ' Seismic waves' 2: These waves spread out from the focus. 3: Waves felt most strongly at the epicentre ( As they travel far away, becomes less stronger) * Severe damage will happen close to the epicentre * # By an Earthquake |
| Earthquake Structure | |
| How is the power of an Earthquake measured? | 1: Measured using a seisometer 2: It detects vibrations caused 3: Plots these vibrations on a seismograph |
| How is the strength/Magnitude of an Earthquake measured? | 1: Measured using the Richter scale 2: The scale is numbered 0-10 * 10 being the greatest strength/Magnitude* |
| How is the amount of damage caused by an Earthquake measured? | Mercalli scale |
| Mercalli scale | |
| Richter scale | |
| Short term impacts of an Earthquake ( SOCIAL ) | 1: People may be killed/injured 2: Homes may be destroyed 3: Transport/Communication links destroyed 4: Water pipes could burst 5: Water supplies may be contaminated |
| Long term impacts of an Earthquake ( SOCIAL ) | 1: Disease may spread 2: People may have to be re housed (Sometimes in Refugee camps) |
| Short term impacts of an Earthquake ( ECONOMIC) | 1: Shops/Businesses can be destroyed 2: Risk of Looting 3: Trade can be made difficult ( due to damaged transportation/communication links ) |
| Long term impacts of an Earthquake ( ECONOMIC) | 1: Cost of rebuilding a settlement is high 2: Investment for the area may have to be focused on just repairing the damage caused 3: Income could be lost |
| Short term impacts of an Earthquake (ENVIRONMENTAL) | 1: Landscape may be destroyed 2: Fires can spread ( Due to gas explosions) 3: Fires can damage woodland areas 4: Risk of Landslides 5: Tsunami can occur in coastal areas - cause immense flooding |
| Long term impacts of an Earthquake ( ENVIRONMENTAL ) | 1: Important natural + Human landmarks can be lost |
| What is meant by Primary effects? | Occur as a direct result of the ground shaking eg Buildings collapsing |
| What is meant by Secondary effects? | Occur as a result of the primary effects, eg tsunamis |
| What affects the impact of an Earthquake? | 1: Distance from the epicentre (The effects of an earthquake are more severe at its centre) 2: The higher on the Richter scale, the more severe the earthquake is. 3: Level of development (MEDC or LEDC) 4: MEDCs are more likely to have the resources and technology for monitoring, prediction and response. |
| What affects the impact of an Earthquake? | 5: Population density (rural or urban area). The more densely populated an area, the more likely there are to be deaths and casualties. 6: Communication - accessibility for rescue teams. 7: Time of day . A severe earthquake at rush hour in a densely populated urban area could have devastating effects. 8 : Time of year and climate will influence survival rates and the rate at which disease can spread. |
| What is the effects of an Earthquake/ Volcanic Eruption in an LEDC? | 1: People not well educated - They will not know what to do 2: Construction is poor. Most forms of shelter will suffer serious damage 3: High death tolls - due to buildings collapsing |
| What is the effects of an Earthquake/ Volcanic Eruption in an LEDC? | 4: Emergency plans hard to begin- Due to lack of funds + resources 5: Not enough money to rebuild homes safely + quickly 6: People could be forced to live in emergency housing or refugee camps |
| Ways an Earthquake can be predicted | 1: Laser beams - Used to detect plate movement 2 - Seismometer - To pick up vibrations in the Earth's crust. - Increase in vibration = Possible Earthquake 3: Radon gas escapes from cracks in the Earth's crust. - Sudden increase in this gas = Possible Earthquake |
| Preparing for Earthquakes | 1: Train people -Practice Earthquake drills - Paying attention to TV/Radio 2: Storing Emergency kits - First aid items - Blankets - Tin food |
| Formation of Fold Mountains | |
| Human activity around Fold Mountains | 1: Winter sports (Skiing) 2: Hiking 3: Lakeside holidays 4: Agriculture 5: Forestry 7: Communications 8: Hydro Electric Power |
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