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Description
Flashcards by Ashleigh Gildroy, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ashleigh Gildroy
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| List two positive symptoms of Schizophrenia and explain what they are | 1) Hallucinations - See, hear, feel, touch, smell things which aren't there 2) Delusions - Believe things which aren't true (Such as paranoia) |
| What is required in order to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia? | The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) states that you need to show at least symptoms (At least one positive symptoms) for a month |
| List four emotional symptoms of Schizophrenia | 1) Avoliton - Lack of motivation or care to achieve goals 2) Lack of care for personal hygiene 3) Lack of emotion 4) Inappropriate emotions - Reacting to things inappropriately (EG - Laughing at a funeral) |
| How can we diagnose schizophrenia reliably? | Different clinicians must be able to reach the same diagnosis in order to be diagnosed |
| List the two types of Validity | Descriptive Validity - How similar individuals with the same disorder are Aetiological validity - How similar the cause of the disorder is for each sufferer |
| Briefly outline a study that shows issues with the reliability of diagnoses | Gender Bias: Loring and Powell's study (1988) asked 290 psychiatrists to diagnose two schizophrenia patients with identical symptoms. One was male, the other was female. They found that 56% diagnosed the male with schizophrenia, and only 20% diagnosed the female. |
| Why does Loring and Powell's study show issues with reliably diagnosing Schizophrenia? | It shows there is gender bias when diagnosing patients as the percentages weren't equal, therefore this shows that psychiatrists do not diagnose patients reliably |
| Briefly outline another issue with reliably diagnosing Schizophrenia (1971) | Culture Bias: Copeland et al (1971) found that 69% of American psychiatrists diagnosed patients with schizophrenia. However, only 2% of British patients diagnosed the same patient |
| Why does Copeland's study show an issue with the reliability? | It demonstrates that there is a clear culture bias as the difference between the diagnosis rates of cultures were dramatically different, this is an issue as it shows a fault in terms of reliability when diagnosing schizophrenia |
| Outline a study in which shows a problem with Validity? (1973) | Rosenhan (1973) conducted a study where people with no mental health problems got themselves admitted into a psychiatric ward by saying they heard voices. Once participants were admitted into the ward, they behaved normally. However, their behaviour was seen as a symptom of the disorder. |
| How does Rosenhan's study show an issue with making a valid diagnosis? | It questions the validity of the diagnosis of Schizophrenia as once they were labelled with the disorder, all of their behaviour was interpreted as the cause of the disorder |
| State another issue with making a valid diagnosis | Participants who may experience symptom overlap can also cause problems with the validity of diagnosis. The common symptoms of Schizophrenia can be found in other disorders, such as Avolition |
| What is Comorbidity? | Comorbidity means having two or more conditions at the same time. |
| Why is Comorbidity a problem? | Having more than one condition can make it hard to make a valid and reliable diagnosis as some symptoms may belong to an untreated disorder which may not have been recognised as symptoms |
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