6995055
Description
Flashcards by Nicholas Haddad, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Nicholas Haddad
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Describe the importance of cellular respiration. | Cellular respiration provides cells with ATP to do work, power biosynthesis reactions, and for the movement of molecules. |
| What is the chemical and word formula for cellular respiration? | enzymes C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---------> 6H2O + 6CO2 |
| What are two types of metabolism? How is ATP involved in metabolism? | Two types of metabolism are biosynthesis and decomposition. In biosynthesis, ATP is used to help build larger macromolecules from carbon skeletons. In decomposition, as large molecules are broken down, ATP is released/created and used for cell movement, mechanical work and biosynthesis reactions. |
| Describe aerobic and anaerobic processes. | Aerobic processes use oxygen, and therefore need it. It is needed to accept electrons during some point of the reaction. Anaerobic reactions don't need oxygen, and may use a different substance to accept electrons or may not need this at all. |
| Describe the 3 stages of cellular respiration. What goes into and out of each reaction? Where does each occur? | The 3 stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm, the Krebs cycle, which occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria, and the ETS, which occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In glycolysis, one glucose, 2 ATP, 4 ADP and P and 2 NAD+ form 2 pyruvate, 2 ADP+P, 4ATP and 2 NADH. Glucose is broken down and turned into glucose-6-phosphate with the donation of P's from ATP, which splits. Enzymes reduce NAD+ and create ATP as these 3-c molecules form pyruvate. If O2 is present, pyruvate loses a C, forming CO2, and combines with CoA to form acetyl CoA, which is brought into the Krebs cycle. Here, between 2 pyruvate, 6CO2, 8NADH, 2ATP and 2 FADH2 are formed. The NADH's and FADH2's travel to the ETS, where the electrons and protons (hydrogens) are released from the carriers. The electrons pass through cytochromes and the protons are actively transported across the membrane by energy formed from the transfer of electrons. Here, potential energy builds up, and as the protons diffuse out through ATP synthase, ADP+P form ATP. Now, e + H + O2 = H2O |
| What happens after glycolysis if oxygen isn't present? Explain the two types of reactions and types of cells that undergo the processes. | If O2 isn't present, fermentation takes place. In Lactic Acid Fermentation, a pyruvate and NADH form a lactate and NAD+, which regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis to continue. This occurs in animals, like humans, and produces only 2 ATP molecules (from glycolysis). Alcoholic Fermentation occurs in yeast and bacteria, and forms Ethyl Alcohol and CO2. |
| If cellular respiration only releases 38% of the potential energy from glucose, where does the rest go? | If 38% of the potential energy from glucose is released, the rest is released as heat. |
| What causes muscle soreness after a quick fast run? | Lactic Acid Fermentation causes muscle soreness after a short run. |
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