701853
Description
Flashcards by vicky_hunt, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by vicky_hunt
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Becker (1963) - how the commissioner of the treasury department's federal bureau of Narcotics served as a 'moral entrepreneur' | lead campaign to outlaw marijuana through Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 |
| beckers view - marked by attempts to arouse the public by claims that smoking pot caused youths to lose control and commit senseless crimes | undertaken to advance the bureau's organisational interests |
| Becker concluded, resulted in | the creation of a new fragment of the moral constitution of society, its code of right and wrong |
| Extending labelling theory SHAME AND REINTEGRATION | in Crime, Shame and Reintegration - John Braithwaite (1989) - societal reaction increases crime, as labelling theorists contend, or decreases crime, as advocates of punishment predict |
| Empey, 1982 observed... | had a profound impact on social policy |
| Empey, 1982 - four policies (all beginning with letter D) | - decriminalization - diversion - due process - deinstitutionalization |
| Decriminalization | Edwin Schur - criminalization of victimless deviance - such as drug use - creates crime in various ways |
| 1. existence of the laws | candidates for arrest and criminal justice (consequences) |
| 2. drives them to commit related offences | drug addicts rob to support their habits |
| 3. by prohibiting the legal acquisition of desired goods and services | criminalization creates a lucrative illicit market |
| 4. corruption of law enforcement officials | through payoffs to 'look the other way' |
| Diversion | has 'widened the net' of state control by creating a 'system with an even greater reach' (Klein, 1979) |
| Empey, 1982 - for juveniles | taking youths from the province of the juvenile court and placing them under the auspices of 'youth service bureaus, welfare agencies, or special schools |
| Empey, 1982 - for adults | release to a privately run mental health agency, community substance abuse program, government-sponsored job training class |
| less severe intervention | diverted from prison and are placed instead in the community under 'intensive probation supervision' or under 'home-in-carceration' |
| Due process | extend to offenders legal protections (e.g. right to an attorney, right not be searched illegally) |
| Empey, 1982 pointed out | both were part of the growing distrust of governmental and other institutions in the 1960s |
| Deinstitutionalization | criminogenic effects of incarceration and to advocate vigorously the policy of lessening prison populations |
| we have abandoned the idea of deinstitutionalization and chosen to ... | instead incarcerate offenders in unprecedented numbers |
| labelling theory provides an important reminder that the effects of criminal justice intervention | are complex and may contradict what common sense would dictate |
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