7084211
Description
Flashcards by Rawan Ibrahim, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Rawan Ibrahim
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How do earthquakes, volcanoes and continental drift occur? | They occur because of energy flows within our planet. |
| What is tectonic drift? | The process by which the enormous tectonic plates on the surface of the Earth move and collide with one another. |
| What are tectonic plates? | Enormous plates of rock, the size of continents, that make up the Earth's crust and are very slowly moving. |
| How do earthquakes and volcanoes happen? | From tectonic plate movements. |
| How much do the plates move per year? | A few centimeters. |
| What would be difficult to move if the whole planet was solid? | The plates. |
| What does the state of the inner layers of the Earth exist as? | Liquid. |
| What is the liquid that makes up the inner layers of the Earth? | Molten rock. |
| What is the crust? | The uppermost thin layer of the Earth. |
| How thick can the crust be? | From 5 km t0 70 km deep. |
| What can the thickness of the crust compares with the size of the Earth be likened to? | It can be likened to the thickness of a postage stamp stuck onto the surface of basketball. |
| What is the mantle? | The layer of rock between the crust and the outer core of the Earth. |
| What state does the mantle exist in? | Almost liquid. |
| How does this impact the movement of the plates? | Is it almost solid which is soft enough to allow the slow movements of the plates. |
| What is the outer core? | The layer of rock between the mantle and the inner core of the Earth. |
| What state does the outer core exist in? | Liquid. |
| What is the inner core? | The innermost layer of the Earth. |
| What state does the inner core exist in? | Solid. |
| Where did the energy for the Earth come from? | - The ongoing decay of radioactive substances within the Earth. - The leftover heat from the time when the Earth former, along with the rest of the solar system, about 4.5 billion years ago. |
| What is Albert Einstein's famous equation? | E=mc². |
| What did the Earth start as? | A nebula. |
| What is a nebula? | A cloud of gas and dust. |
| Where did the Sun form? | In the center of the nebula cloud. |
| What started the Sun's nuclear fusion? | Heat and pressure. |
| What does it mean when the Earth has an outside layer of rock that is a good insulator? | It means not much heat escapes from the core into space, so the interior of the planet remains very hot. |
| What does the inner core of the Earth have a high proportion of? | Of Iron and possibly large amounts of gold and other precious metals. |
| What is the temperature of the inner core compared to the melting point of iron? | 5700 degrees inside the Earth's core compared to the 1538 degrees of the melting point of iron. |
| What enables the inner core to remain solid despite the extreme temperatures? | The immense pressure from the whole mass of the Earth pushing down on it enables the inner core to remain solid. |
| What is believed to provide the energy for movement of the tectonic plates on the surface? | The outer core is liquid and so it's believed to rotate at a slightly different rate to the mantle above it, placing forced on the mantle. Also, there are 'currents' of molten rock moving within the outer core which together is believedto provide the energy for movement. |
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