7089066
Description
Flashcards by Sophie McDougall, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sophie McDougall
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Acetyl group | produce by breakdown of pyruvate, joins with oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle |
| Activation energy | input of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| Active site | region on an enzyme molecule where the substrate binds |
| Adenine - A | DNA base that pairs with thymine |
| ADP | Adenosine diphosphate; molecule that is phosphorylated to produce ATP |
| Alternative respiratory substrates | Substrates for respiration other than glucose (such as proteins and fats) |
| Amino acid | unit of polypeptide structure |
| Anabolic | Metabolic pathways that consume energy in the synthesis of complex molecules |
| Anticodon | Sequence if three bases on tRNA that codes for a specific amino acid |
| Antiparallel | parallel strands in DNA that run in opposite directions in terms of chemical polarity |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate: molecule used for energy transfer in cells |
| ATP Synthase | Membrane-bound enzyme that synthesises ATP |
| Attachment site | Site on a transfer RNA molecule to which a specific amino acid binds |
| Base | Nitrogenous substance that is a component of DNA nucleotides |
| Bioinformatics | Use of computers and statistics in analysis of sequence data |
| Cancer cell | Grows and divides in an unregulated way to produce a tumour |
| Catabolic | Metabolic activity that releases energy in breakdown reactions |
| Cellular respiration | Release of energy from respiratory reactions |
| Chromosome | Rod-like structure that contains the genetic material of an organism encoded into DNA |
| Citrate | Citric acid; first substance produced in the citric acid cycle. |
| Citric acid cycle | Second stage f aerobic respiration occurring in the matrix of mitochondria |
| Codon | Sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid |
| Coenzyme A | Substance that carries acetyl groups into the citric acid cycle |
| Competitive inhibition | Slowing of reaction rate due to the presence of a substance resembling the substrate |
| Connective tissue | Tissue that supports, connects or separates other body tissues |
| Creatine phosphate | Molecule that serves as a source of phosphate and energy in muscle cells |
| Cytosine (C) | DNA base that pairs with Guanine (G) |
| Dehydrogenase | Enzymes that remove hydrogen from their substrates; important in the citric acid cycle |
| Deletion (of genes) | Chromosome mutation in which a sequence of genes is lost from a chromosome |
| Deletion (of nucleotides) | Single-gene mutation involving the removal of a nucleotide from a sequence |
| Deoxyribose | Pentose sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides |
| Differentiation | Changes to cells that allow them to specialise for different functions |
| Diploid | Refers to a cell having two sets of chromosomes |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; molecule that holds the genetic code in living organisms |
| DNA polymerase | Enzyme that unwinds and unzips DNA; adds free nucleotides during DNA replication |
| DNA probe | Short piece of DNA complementary to a target sequence of DNA |
| DNA profiling | Use of DNA probes to produce a 'fingeprint' of an individual'sDNA |
| Double helix | The three-dimensional shape of a DNA molecule |
| Duplication | Chromosome mutation in which a sequence of genes is repeated on a chromosome |
| Electron transport chain | Group of proteins embedded in membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| Embryonic stem cells | Stem cells from embryos that can divide and become any type of cell |
| Epithelial tissue | Tissue that lines tubes and surfaces within the body |
| Ethical issue | Issue affecting human attitudes and decisions regarding various choics |
| Exon | Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein |
| FAD | Hydrogen carrier important in the citric acid cycle |
| Fast-twitch (type 2) fibre | Type of muscle fibre used in short bursts of activity |
| Feedback inhibition | Enzyme inhibition caused by the presence of an end product if a metabolic pathway |
| Fermentation | Progression of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen |
| Fluorescent labelling | Method of making a fragment of DNA show up under ultraviolet light |
| Frameshift mutation | Gene mutation in which all amino acids coded for after the mutation are affected |
| Gel elctrophoresis | Method for the separation of DNA fragments using an electric current in a gel |
| Gene expression | Transcription and translation of a gene to synthesise proteins |
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