7165203
Description
Flashcards by Amar Jehel, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Amar Jehel
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is geology? | Geology is the study of rocks |
| What were the first types of rocks to have formed on Earth? | The first types of rocks that were formed are known as igneous rocks. |
| How are igneous rocks formed? | Igneous rocks form from cooled magma that has risen from deep below the Earth. |
| Are igneous rocks still formed today? | Yes, igneous rocks are still formed today on Earth, particularly in and around volcanoes. |
| The First Rocks | The first rocks of the crust and upper mantle formed long ago when a material known as magma cooled and solidified. |
| What is magma? | Magma is very hot molten rock. |
| What is the lithosphere? | The lithosphere consists of the upper mantle and the crust. |
| Where do scientist believe magma forms? | Scientist believe magma forms in the lower mantle. |
| What makes magma less dense? | Dissolved gases make magma less dense than the surrounding rock and pushes it upwards through any crack or fault in the crust. |
| What happens when magma reaches the surface? | If magma reaches the surface it is known as lava. |
| What is the temperature of Lava? | Lava has a temperature of about 1200 degrees Celsius when it erupts at the surface of the Earth. |
| What happens when magma cools below the surface? | Intrusive rocks are formed. |
| What happens when magma cools above the surface? | Extrusive rocks are formed. |
| What are crystals? | Crystals are solids that have a variety of special shapes. |
| How are crystals formed? | When magma is solidifying, particles in the liquid may clump together to form structures called crystals. |
| How is the size of crystals determined? | The slower the cooling process, the larger the crystal. The faster the cooling process the smaller the crystals. |
| What are minerals? | Minerals are particular arrangements of atoms that can be identified by their physical properties. |
| What are the characteristics of igneous rocks? | Strong Hard Interlocking Crystals |
| Texture | Texture describes whether the rock is smooth or has obvious grains or bumps. |
| Colour | Colour is linked to the minerals a rock contains. Dark coloured rocks usually have a high content of heavy minerals. Light coloured rocks have high levels of silica-like minerals. |
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