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Description
Flashcards by Shareef Akbari, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Shareef Akbari
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are angiosperms distinguished by? | Flowers Fruits Extreme reduction of gametophyte generation. |
| What are the two classes of angiophyta? | Liliopsida Magnoliopsida |
| What are the differences between monocotyledons and dicotyledons) | Monocots: 1 cotyledon in embryo parallel nervation of leaves Scattered vascular Bundles No true secondary growth Flowers have 3 petals Pollen has 1 hole (monoaperturate) Dicots: 2 cotyledons Leaf has net-like innervation Vascular bundles in a ring Secondary growth from cambrium 4-5 leaves on flowers Pollen has 3 holes (traperturate) |
| What is a flower? | Determinate shoot with growth of limited duration |
| What are carpels? | Megasporophylls Collection of female parts of the flower |
| What are stamens? | Microsporophylls Collection of male parts of a flower |
| What is an inflorescence? | Cluster of flowers dispersed in a definite pattern |
| What are sporophylls? | Modified leaves that bear sporangia. |
| What are carpels? | Megasporophylls that contain ovules that develop into seeds. |
| What are stamens? | Microsporophylls that develop into pollen grains. |
| How many whorls does a flower have? | 4 |
| What is the perianth? | 2 whorls of sterile parts in a flower composed of the calyx and corolla. |
| What is the calyx? | the Sepals |
| What is the corolla? | petals |
| What are tepals? | When petals and sepals are similar in shape and colour. |
| What is the androecium? | Stamens |
| What is the gynoecium? | Carpals |
| What is a pistil? | Fused carpals |
| Label this diagram | |
| Label this diagram | |
| What is an anther? | 4 sporangia on a filament |
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| What type of placentation is this? | Parietal |
| What type of placentation is this? | Axile |
| What type of placentation is this? | Free central |
| What type of placentation is this? | Apical |
| What type of placentation is this? | Basal |
| What is a perfect flower? | Flower with both androecium and gynacoecium |
| What is a staminate flower? | Male flower |
| What is a carpellate flower? | Female flowers |
| What is a monoeciuos plant? | Has unisexual flowers but both sexes are on the same individuals |
| What is a dioecious plant? | Have unisexual flowers on individual plants |
| What is a complete flower? | Has all 4 whorls (Corolla, Calyx, Androecium, Gynoecium) |
| What is an incomplete flower? | One or more whorls are absent |
| What is a connate flower? | Flower with parts fused together |
| What is adnation? | Whorls fused together |
| What is an actinomorphic flower? | Flower with radial symmetry |
| What is a zigomorphic flower? | Flower with bilateral symmetry |
| What is a hypogynous flower? | Flower below the ovary |
| What is a perigynous flower? | Flower surrounds ovary |
| What is an epigynous flower? | Flower is over ovary |
| What is the exine pollen grain wall? | The resistant outer wall composed to sporopollenin |
| What is the intine pollen grain wall? | The inner wall composed of cellulose and pectin |
| What two cells make up the immature microgametophyte? | The tube cell and the generative cell |
| What is microsporogenesis? | Production of 1-celled microspores within microsporangia |
| What is microgametogenesis? | Production of microgametophyte within microspore |
| What is an ovule? | Microsporangium containing a single megaspore surrounded by an integument |
| How many divisions does it take to make an embryo sac from the megaspore? | 3 |
| Label this diagram | |
| Label this diagram | |
| What are the steps of pollination? | 1. Pollen is captured on stigma and hydrated 2. Pollen germinates, pollen tube grows within style 3. Tube reaches ovule, enters through micropyle and reaches synergid cell |
| What are the steps of double fertilization? | 1. Pollen tube penetrates synergid 2. First sperm nucleus fertilises the egg and creates zygote (2n) 3. Second sperm nucleus fertilises the central cell with 2 polar nuclei (this triple fusion makes primary endosperm) |
| What does the triploid central cell turn into? | Endosperm, which provides food storage. |
| W | Seed |
| What does the mature ovary become after fertilization? | Fruit |
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