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Description
Flashcards by Rupinder Kaur, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Rupinder Kaur
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are lipids ? | typically fats. Soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water |
| the functions of lipids | - structural components of membranes - inter-cellular storage molecules - transport metabolic fuels -protection |
| in addition to lipid functions what else can lipids be ? | vitamins and hormones |
| what are fatty acids? | long chain carboxylic acid, this tends to be hydrophobic |
| name of fat cells | Adipocytes |
| where is excess energy stored? | Adipocytes (fat cells) |
| what are trans-fatty acids? | trans-fatty acids, are acids that have double bonds so unsaturated, however the different groups are on opposite sides trans, about double bond |
| is trans fats healthy or unhealthy | Unhealthy and pose a health risk |
| relationship of melting point and chain length | longer the chain length the higher the melting point |
| relationship between melting points and unsaturated/ saturated fatty acids | unsaturated fatty acids= low melting point saturated = high melting point |
| Functions of fatty acids | - precursors of molecules - involved on biological signalling |
| define the different types of unsaturated fatty acids poly and monounsaturated | - polyunsaturated --> has more than one double bond in the fatty acid chain - monounsaturated --> has one double bond in the fatty acid chain |
| What does amphipathic mean? | amphipathic means that it is both hydrophobic and hydrophillic |
| what is this structure and what is its function? | triglyceride (triacylglcyerol) --> derivatives of glycerol Function: storage of metabolic fuel |
| How are fatty acids broken down into acetyl coenzyme A | By beta oxidation |
| what is hydrogenation? | This is the solidifying of unsaturated fats by the treatment using hydrogen making saturated fats, saturated with hydrogen |
| what are waxes? | esters of long fatty acids with long chain monohydroxylic alcohol's. this tends to act as water repellent |
| Phospholipids are ------------------- | Phospholipids who are amphipathic. Amphipathic meaning it is hydrophobic and hydrophillic |
| Simple lipids are | fats and waxes |
| complex lipids include | Glycerophospholipids and Sphingolipids |
| Sphingolipids | - long alcohol amino acids -sphingosine joins to fatty acids forming ceramide |
| Sphingomyelin | - head: phosphocholine/ phosphoethanolamine - found in plasma membrane and myelin sheath |
| cerebrosides | - head galactocerebroside/ glucocerebroside - has beta linkages - found in membranes |
| Gangliosides (glycolipids) | fatty acid containing sugar and N- acetyl neuramic acid - found on cell surface membrane -involved in cell recognition |
| what are isoprenes? | ispoprenes are branched chain unsaturated hydrocarbons |
| what are terpenes? | -derivates of isoprenoids - these are found in plants and tend to have flavor and odour |
| list eicosanoids | - prostaglandin - thromboxane - leukotrienes - aspirin |
| cholesterol | - amphipathic - a steroid - 4 ringed molecule -found in the membrane - is planar and involved in membrane fluidity |
| derivatives of cholesterol are... | - sex hormones --> oestradiol and testosterone - aldosterone -cortisol |
| Vitamin D function | phosphate and calcium metabolism |
| vitamin A function | retinol essential for vision |
| vitamin E | Antioxidant |
| vitamin K | Blood clotting |
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