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Description
Flashcards by Bethany Westwood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bethany Westwood
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is mitosis? | The process of cell division in eukaryotic cells. |
| Why is mitosis important? | Ensures 2 daughter cells are identical to parent cell. |
| How do prokaryotic cells reproduce? | Binary fission |
| What happens before mitosis? | - DNA replicated and converted into 2 identical molecules called chromatids - Chromatids joined at centromere |
| What is chromatin? | - DNA and histones (proteins) - Dense complex |
| What are the 4 stages of mitosis? | - Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase |
| What happens during prophase? | 1. Chromatin fibres coil and condense to form chromosomes, nucleolus disappears and nuclear membrane breaks down 2. Protein microtubules form spindles linking the poles of the cell. 3. 2 centrioles migrate to opposite poles 4. Spindle fibres attach to centromeres and move chromosomes 5. Nuclear envelope disappeared |
| What happens during metaphase? | Chromosomes moved by spindle fibres to form a plane in the centre of the cell |
| What happens during Anaphase? | - Centromeres divide -Chromatids pulled to separate poles of cell by shortening spindle fibres |
| What happens during Telophase? | - Chromatids reach poles - Sets assemble at each pole - Nuclear envelope reforms - Chromosomes uncoil and nucleolus reformed - Cytokinesis begins |
| How does cytokinesis happen in animal cells? | - Cleavage forms around middle of cell - Cell-surface membrane pulled inwards by cytoskeleton until it fuses around the middle |
| How does cytokinesis happen in plant cells? | -Vesicles from Golgi apparatus begin to assemble in same place as metaphase plate - Vesicles fuse, dividing cell - New cell wall forms |
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