7427591
Description
Flashcards by Bonnie McDonald, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bonnie McDonald
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| stress | a state of physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal or external stressors that are perceived by the individual as challenging or exceeding their ability to cope |
| stressor | any stimuli that produces stress or interferes with our ability to cope |
| eustress | a positive psychological response to a stressor, as indicated by the presence of positive psychological states such as feeling excited. |
| distress | a negative psychological response to a stressor, as indicated by the presence of negative psychological states such as anger. |
| daily pressures | A type of stressor involving little problems of everyday living that are irritants. |
| life event | A type of stressor in everyday life involving a change that forces us to adapt to new circumstances |
| acculturative stress | the stress people experience in trying to adapt to a new culture when living in it for a considerable amount of time. |
| major stressor | a type of stressor involving an event that is extraordinarily stressful or disturbing for almost everyone who experiences it |
| catastrophe | an unpredictable event that causes widespread damage or suffering. As a stressor, the event is one that majority of people involved would interpret as being stressful. |
| fight-flight-freeze response | an involuntary, physical response to a sudden and immediate threat in readiness to confront it (fight), run away from it to safely (flight) or keep absolutely still and silent (freeze). |
| General Adaptation Syndrome | a three-stage physiological response to a stressor involving alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion. |
| cortisol | a hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex to primarily energise the body in response to a stressor. |
| stage 1: Alarm reaction | the first stage of General Adaptation Syndrome in which the body goes into a temporary state of shock, then rebounds (countershock), following initial exposure to a stressor. |
| stage 2: resistance stage | The second stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, when the body's resistance to the particular stressor develops and rises above its normal levels. |
| stage 3: exhaustion | The third stage of General Adaptation Syndrome when the body can no longer sustain resistance and the effects of a stressor can no longer be dealt with, resulting in the organism becoming weak and more vulnerable to physical and mental disorders. |
| transaction model of stress and coping | proposes that stress involved an encounter between an individual and their external environment, and that a stress response depends upon the individuals interpretation of the stressor and their ability to cope with it |
| appraisal | ones subjective interpretation or evaluation of a situation, either consciously or unconsciously |
| primary appraisal | an evaluation of the significance of a potential stressor resulting in a decision that is either irrelevant, benign-positive or stressful |
| secondary appraisal | an evaluation of our coping options and resources to deal with the stressful situation |
| coping | in relation to stress management, attempting to manage the demands of a stressor in some effective way. |
| coping strategy | a specific method, behavioural or psychological, that people use to manage or reduce the stress produced by a stressor |
| coping flexibility | refers to the ability to effectively adjust one's coping strategies according to the demands of different stressful situations |
| exercise | physical activity that is usually planned and performed to improve or maintain one's physical condition, and which may also be useful for stress management or as a relaxation technique. |
| Approach coping strategies | involve efforts to confront a stressor and deal directly with it and its effects |
| avoidant coping strategies | involves efforts that evade a stressor and deal indirectly with it and its effects. |
| fight flight reactions | actions initiated by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight off a threat or escape from it |
| problem focused coping | Involves efforts to manage or change the stressor |
| emotional focused coping | Involves efforts to deal with our emotional response to the stressor |
| context specific effectiveness | in relation to coping with stress, when there is a match or 'good fit' between the coping strategy that is used and the stressful situation |
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