7483342
Description
Flashcards by Alice Storr, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alice Storr
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Pre-trial publicity | Media and other coverage of a case |
| Characteristics of defendent | Stereotyping process, attractiveness, race, accent |
| Why is it hard to use real life cases to do research on reliability of JDM? | Jurors are sworn to secrecy even after a trial. |
| Creator of the Halo effect | Dion |
| What is the halo effect? | Physically attractive people have other attractive properties |
| Number of ppts in Sigall & Ostrove's 1975 study | 120, split into 6 groups of 20 |
| Results of Sigall & Ostrove's 1975 study | Attractive Barbara should have a longer sentence for fraud than for burglary, attractive people commit attractive crimes |
| Which study found that if the victim was good looking then the defendent would get a longer sentence, as well as the ugly defendent getting a longer sentence | Castellow 1990 |
| Which two studies found that the influence of attractiveness was crime-dependent | Efran (good-looking criminals recieved lower sentences unless good-looks were involved in the crime) Quigley (fatality level of crime and gender of defendent alter influence of attractiveness) |
| Stewart 1980 | Found negative correlation between attractiveness and length of sentence (real life study in USA) but this is dependent on Judge rather than Jury |
| Meta-analysis of 34 studies showing ppts more likely to give guilty verdict if defendent is a different race from their own | Mitchell 2005 |
| Meta-analysis shows mixed evidence for race influencing JDM | Devine 2000 |
| Baldus 2000 | Black defendents are given longer sentences when there is a white victim |
| Thomas 2010 | 41 white juries didn't discriminate against BME defendents |
| Gagging orders | Issued on the press when a case is high-profile to reduce impact of PTP |
| Misinformation effect | When incorrect information is seen after witnessing an event it distorts our memory and we cannot differentiate between what we read and what we saw |
| Meta-analysis of 44 studies done by Steblay 1999 - what were the results? | Negative PTP made jury more likely to say defendent was guilty |
| Thomas 2010 - what percentage of jurors didn't recall details in media but did remember whether the media thought the defendent guilty or not? | 66% |
| Problem with mock trials | Low ecological validity, low mundane realism, may get different results if it was real life |
| Solid evidence provided by Ruva 2007 for PTP | mock jurors that read articles containing negative PTP rather than random unrelated articles were more likely to give longer sentences and guilty verdicts |
| Mock trials mostly used students | Low application and not representative of real life jurors (normally would have 12 randomly selected jurors) |
| There is real life evidence for PTP determining verdict from jurors - give an example (not ronald cotton) | False imprisonment of Colin Stagg in the Rachel Nickell case |
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