7550152
Description
Flashcards by Ahmed Almohammed, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ahmed Almohammed
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What was the Industrial Revolution? | The Industrial Revolution which began in the 1760s, had a couple of factors which include- population in growth, increasing in world trade and innovations in technology. |
| What were some important advances during the Industrial Revolution? and how effective were they? | Important discoveries included electricity in 1752, spinning Jenny in 1764 and the steam engines in 1776. They were so effective, for example, the discovery of the spinning jenny by James Hargreaves meant that one worker in a cotton mill could operate several spools of cotton at once rather than just one. |
| What was mass production and why was it a major feature of the Industrial Revolution? | Mass production was the process of using machines to make large quantities of goods. This was such a significant feature as now items could be mass-produced by people paid to perform simple but repetitive tasks |
| What was the rural Urban migration? and what were some reasons for this mass movement of people? | Movement of people from the countryside to the city. Some reasons include: -Factory work was hard but guaranteed a regular income -Decline of traditional cottage industries due to competition from big factories. |
| What were the living conditions like in the cities? | People were forced to live in crammed tenements blocks, which were often damp, poorly ventilated and also unhygienic. Privacy was nearly impossible, as several families occupied one single house. |
| What were some reasons that made the working conditions so dangerous and difficult? | Factory conditions were dangerous and the working day could be 12 to 14 hours long.Rules about safety were non-existent resulting in high rate of death and injury. Also, children as young as seven were employed. |
| What were the long-term impacts on Australia? | The long-term impacts on Australia include convict transportation, in which after the new transportation act in 1780, convicts were transported to Australia, establishing a penal colony on the other side of the world. While the other impact was the growth of working class, as Australia earned the title of a "working man's paradise" during the long boom. |
| Why did the British Parliament introduce laws for the transportation of convicts? | London's overpopulation, high unemployment and poor living conditions meant that crime was a regular occurrence. With prisons already overcrowded, the British Parliament then introduced laws allowing transportation of convicts. |
| What was the long boom? and what advantage did it have in Australia? | The long boom was the period of economic growth and prosperity in Australia in the late 1800s. During the long boom, Australia earned the reputation as a "working man's paradise", since Australia workers worked fewer hours and were paid more and lived longer than those in Britain. |
| What was the economic depression? | Economic depression was a period of sustained and severe economic downturn, characterised by business failure and high unemployment. |
| Why was there nothing new about the discovery of the new world by Christopher Columbus? | There was nothing new, however, about the world that had been inhabited by other people for thousands of years prior to the arrival of Europeans. |
| What were some aspects of the voluntary migration? | Aspects of the voluntary migration include the first American colonies such as Jamestown, Virgina in 1607 and new Plymouth in 1620. Also, Free settlers to Australia that arrived in Sydney on board the Bellona on 16 January 1793. |
| Where and when were the First American colonies established? | The first English colony on the east coast of North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. While in 1620, a second English colony was established further north at new Plymouth. |
| What were the puritans? and why did they settle upon a hill? | The Puritans were a christian sect who wanted to establish a new society where they could freely express their religious beliefs. One of their leaders, John Winthrop, declared that their settlement would be a "city upon a hill". which would set an example to the rest of the world. |
| Who were the free settlers to Australia and what were they given? | They were five single men and two families wealthy enough to afford voyages from England. Early free settlers were given free land grants of 30 acres for single men, 20 acres extra if they were married and 10 more acres if they had children. |
| Why were there more free settlers arriving from england after the 1820s? | The westward spread of settlement beyond the blue mountains led to better quality farmland becoming available. As a result, more and more free settlers from England began arriving after the 1820s. |
| What was the Assisted Passage Scheme? | To help pay for the long sea voyage, the British Government introduced the Assisted Passage Scheme to help new settlers with some of the costs.The Assisted Passage Migration Scheme was created in 1945 by the Chifley Government.It was intended to essentially increase the population of Australia and to supply workers for the country's booming industries. |
| What was the three-way trade of slaves? | The foreign slave trade was a three- way trade that relied on the Capture of the African slaves. These slaves were then transported in overcrowded body/hulk to the Caribbean colonies, and later to North America where they were sold. |
| Where and when were the fleets carrying convicts arrive in Australia? | On board 11 ships of the first Fleet were 1332 people and 736 of whom were convicts. Approximately 60% of convicts on the first fleet were sentenced for stealing. the ships arrived in Sydney Cove on 18 January 1788. While the voyage of the second fleet was a disaster, and many convicts died.The last ship arrived on 28 June 1790 in New South Wales. |
| What is Blackbirding? | In 1833, the practice of Blackbirding continued in Australia for several decades. Blackbirding was the act or practice of kidnapping South Pacific Islanders and sending them to Australia to work on plantations. |
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