7808362
Description
Flashcards by Caitlin MacLean, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Caitlin MacLean
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Activation Energy | The minimum energy required by reactants to allow reaction to occur |
| Active Site | The region of an enzyme molecule where the enzyme acts on the substrate |
| Aestivation | Dormancy in response to high temperature or drought |
| Anabolic Reaction | A reaction which requires energy and builds up molecules from smaller ones |
| Archaea | A group of single-celled microorganisms |
| ATP Synthase | An enzyme which produces ATP |
| Biological Catalysts | Enzymes; made of protein and found in living cells |
| Calorimeter | Equipment used to measure heat generation from an organism to allow metabolic rate to be calculated |
| Catabolic Reaction | A reaction which releases energy and breaks down molecules into simpler ones |
| Citric Acid Cycle | The second stage of respiration; where acetyl co-enzyme A and oxaloacetate join to form citrate and a series of reactions which return citrate to oxaloacetate |
| Competitive Inhibition | Where an enzyme with a similar structure to the substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme and blocks the binding of the substrate (REVERSIBLE BY INCREASING SUBSTRATE CONC.) |
| Daily Torpor | A period of reduced activity in organism s with high metabolic rates |
| Dehydrogenase | An enzyme which removes hydrogen ions from substrates |
| Dormancy | A condition of biological rest or inactivity characterised by the suspension of many metabolic processes |
| Effector | Cells, muscles or glands which perform responses to stimuli |
| Electron Transport Chain | The final step of respiration; where high energy electrons and hydrogen ions are used to synthesise ATP |
| Extremophile | An organism which is able to live/survive in extreme conditions (e.g. high temperature) |
| FAD | A co-enzyme which easily attaches to hydrogen ions, but releases them when they are required |
| Feedback Inhibition | Regulation of enzyme activity where the first enzyme of a metabolic pathway is inhibited by the reversible binding of the final product of the pathway (where the product inhibits its own production) |
| Fermentation | A type of respiration which takes place in the absence of oxygen |
| Glycolysis | The first stage of respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate |
| Heterotrophic | A type of organism that gains energy by consuming other organisms |
| Hibernation | An inactive state resembling deep sleep in which certain animals living in cold climates pass the winter |
| Hypothalamus | Part of the brain which monitors and regulates temperature |
| Induced Fit | Where the active site moulds around the substrate, allowing it to fit perfectly |
| Ligase | An enzyme which joins fragments of DNA together |
| Metabolites | The intermediates and products of a metabolic reaction that take place in organisms |
| Migration | A process which avoids metabolic adversity by expending energy to relocate to a more suitabl environment |
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