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Description
Flashcards by Braden Papa, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Braden Papa
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| When did the renaissance occur? | Approximately 1450-1600 |
| What was the renaissance period known for? | The renaissance was a period where "ideas were reborn", such as the idea of a nation, artistry and architecture, and revolutionary ideas. Great leaps forward were also found in knowledge of arts and sciences. |
| Where did the renaissance start? | In Italy. |
| Why did the renaissance start in Italy? | Because most of Italy used Roman Law (which encouraged trade), there were Roman ruins for inspiration, and Italy was centrally located in Europe making it easy to travel to other places and get inspiration. |
| What does hinterland mean? | The area surrounding a city. |
| What are mercenary soldiers? | Soldiers for hire. |
| What does oligarchy mean? | Government by a few powerful people. |
| What is florin and ducat? | Gold coins weighing about 3.5 grams. |
| Why is common currency important? | Common currency is important because it allows the rapid spread of trading goods, services, and even ideas. |
| Venice was a very ______________ city. | Venice was a very successful port city. |
| What city gained control of the sea trade in the Mediterranean? | Venice. |
| What are two things that helped Venice gain control of the sea trade? | Venice had a very strong navy of warships. The watery surroundings of the city also made the city very hard to attack successfully. |
| Why is Venice described as "...an oligarchy, not a republic." ? | Because a republic involves the election of a leader, and in Venice the supreme leader was the Doge who only came from a wealthy family, same with the other members of the government. Citizens were also vulnerable to the secret Council of Ten. |
| What was the secret "Council of Ten"? | A secret council in Venice. that had the power to kill, imprison, or torture anyone living in Venice. |
| Define reason. | The ability to think and draw conclusions. |
| What does Renaissance man mean? | A term traditionally used to describe a person skills in many areas. |
| What are the "bonfires of the vanities"? | Bonfires built in the town squares used to throw vanities like wigs, make-up, fancy costumes, and obscene art and books. |
| What is the Dominican? | A Catholic religious order. |
| What did Humanists believe in? | Humanists were more concerned about the goals of human beings than spiritual matters. Humanists used the power of reason to find the truth instead of religious teachings. |
| Why was the belief of the Humanists important to people of the time? | Petrarch was one of the first Humanists and since he was also a Renaissance man he inspired people to become Humanists because they thought they would become skilled like him. |
| What did Machiavelli think of people? | Machiavelli thought people were "wretched creatures" who had to be forced by a rule in order to do what is right. |
| Who was Savonarola? | Savonarola was a preacher of the Dominican that dedicated his life to reforming the corruption in the Church and in Society. |
| Why did the Catholic Church want to silence Savonarola? | Because Savonarola's goals and way of attacking luxuries were bad, and not good for the Church. |
| What does proportion mean? | A correct relation among parts. |
| What does perspective mean? | Giving the appearance on distance on a flat surface. |
| What does blasphemous mean? | Showing contempt for sacred things. |
| What does eccentric mean? | Odd, peculiar person. |
| What is human anatomy? | The science of the structure of the human body. |
| What does fresco mean? | Painted with water colour on fresh wet plaster. |
| Who was the Florentine architect who discovered the laws of perspective? | Filippo Brunelleschi. |
| What do the laws of perspective allow artists to do with their drawings and paintings? | The laws of perspective allow artists to add depth to their pictures by showing objects in the distance smaller. |
| Who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome? | Michelangelo. |
| Who hired Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and criticized him for taking too long? | Pope Julius II. |
| What did Michelangelo say to Pope Julius II for criticizing him for taking too long? | "I think not, My Lord." |
| How was Leonardo Da Vinci a true "Renaissance Man"? | Leo was a true Renaissance Man because he was talented in many areas. He was a painter, an inventor, an engineer, and a scientist. He designed a helicopter, a tank, a parachute, and a flying machine. |
| What does "Empirical Reasoning" mean? | Drawing conclusions from physical evidence. |
| What is ether? | An extremely pure, refined substance once thought to occupy the upper regions of space. |
| What is the Inquisition? | A church court that tried heretics and people who disagreed with church teachings. |
| What is the Ptolemaic System? | A system that places Earth at the center of the universe. |
| What is a theory? | An explanation supported by the observation of evidence. |
| What is a hypothesis? | A proposed explanation. |
| Why was Gutenberg's printing press such an important invention? | At the time, all information was communicated by mouth or through handwriting. It would take several months to create one book. The printing press allowed thousands of books to be printed in the time it took to make one. |
| Who invented the printing press? | Gutenberg. |
| What are the five steps of the Scientific Method? | 1. Ask a Question. 2. Make a Hypothesis 3. Conduct an Experiment 4. Gather Data 5. Analyze the Data |
| What is the difference between the Ptolemaic System and the Copernican System? (How the solar system looked) | the Ptolemaic system had Earth at the center of the Universe and the Copernican System had the Sun at the center of the Universe and Earth as the third rock from the Sun. |
| Who was responsible for making scientific observations of the movements of the plants that supported Copernicus' theory and what happened to him? | Galileo Galilei made those scientific observations, but Galileo was called into a Church Court to convince him that his theory was wrong, and sent him to indefinite house arrest. |
| Define nepotism. | Giving jobs to undeserving relatives. |
| Define purgatory. | The place in which a person's soul was thought to suffer until all sins were punished. |
| Define mortal sin. | The worst kind of sin, such as murder. |
| Define predestination. | A belief that the fate of every person's soul was decided by God long ago. |
| Define mission. | Headquarters for Jesuit efforts to convert to Catholicism. |
| Define tyrant. | A person who rules without regard for others. |
| Define regent. | A person appointed to rule in place of a monarch who is too young, ill, or old to rule. |
| Define salvation. | To rescue from the consequences of sin. |
| Define indulgence. | A cancellation of punishment for sins. |
| What was a new idea in the sixteenth century and what four things were included? | The idea of nation-states. The four things are that each nation-state has their own government, flag, anthem, and traditions. |
| What are three ways that the Church raised money? | Tax people directly, sometimes enough to drive people to poverty. Selling church jobs and positions by bidding. Charging for Church services. |
| What did the Church do even when times were hard that made people mad? | The Church charged taxes that could drive people to poverty. |
| How did bishops and cardinals use the money they received from taxes and fees? | Build fine palaces for themselves, and collect works of art. |
| What was simony? | "Simony" is when people pay great sums for buying church positions, collect the salary, but don't actually perform the duties. |
| Did the reformers want the Church to break up? | No. Instead they hoped people of good will could reform the Catholic Church and that a universal Christian community would last forever. |
| What happened to Reformers who avoided criticizing the fundamental teachings of the Church? | They were left in peace. |
| What happened to Reformers who openly criticized the Church's teachings? | They were considered sinful and labelled as heretics. They could also be arrested and seriously punished. As a result, those who wanted to fix the Church had to be very cautious. |
| What did Martin Luther believe? | He believed that if a person had faith in God, then that would be enough to go to heaven. |
| What were some of Martin Luther's conservative views? | Heaven, hell, the devil, angles, and witches. He thought society had a duty to burn witches at the stake. |
| What happened to Martin Luther? | Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Church. He escaped execution. |
| What two trends made the Protestants more popular and more widely known? | The combination of increased literacy and availability of bibles. |
| The Council of Trent restated ______ in response to the Reformation. | That only the Church and not the individual could properly understand the Bible. |
| What bad thing did Catherine de Medici do which made religious problems worse? | Catherine urged the murder of all protestant guests at the royal wedding of Saint Bartholomew's day in 1572. This resulted in a religious war that lasted from 1572 till 1598. |
| What was the name of a long series of civil wars which England fought in the fifteenth century? | The Wars of Roses. |
| What does civil war mean? | War between citizens of the same country. |
| Why was Henry VIII considered a Renaissance monarch when he was young? | Because he was handsome, intelligent, sociable, and more. He also made himself an expert in shipbuilding, war, and engineering. |
| What was Henry VIII like near the end of his life? | Henry had become a tyrant and divorced five wives. He also executed some people close to him. |
| Why is King Henry VII considered England's first "modern" king? | Because he ran his country more like a business, with the help of trained civil servants. By the time he died,. England was a peaceful, prosperous country. |
| Why did Henry VIII separate England from the Catholic Church? | So that he could become head of the Church of England and collect money from churches and monasteries. |
| Why was Mary I's childhood so unhappy? | He childhood was unhappy because Henry VIII divorced her mother, didn't allow Mary to see her mother, and made her work as a servant for he sister Elizabeth. |
| What did Mary I attempt to do? | She attempted to make England Catholic again, but failed. |
| What did Mary I do that made her lose the good feelings that people had for her? | She allowed popular Protestants to be burned as heretics. |
| Why do Protestant historians call Mary I "Bloody Mary"? | She got this nickname because her courts burned nearly 300 people and imprisoned may more. |
| Who was Queen Elizabeth I? | She was another daughter of Henry VIII. |
| Why was Queen Elizabeth I a Renaissance Queen? | Because she was very skilled in many areas and could speak 4 languages. |
| Who called Queen Elizabeth I "Good Queen Bess"? | The people that loved her. |
| In what ways did Queen Elizabeth I change England? | She created peace with religions and a sense of confidence for her country. |
| What does "to commission" mean? | To hire for a specific reason. |
| What does baroque mean? | An elaborate artistic style typical of 1550 - 1750. |
| What does atrocity mean? | An extremely wicked deed. |
| What are Jesuits? | The Society of Jesus that protected the Church and spread the Catholic message. |
| Define propaganda? | Information of a biased nature used to publicize a particular political cause or point of view. |
| Why was the Peace of Augsburg a victory for Protestants? | Because it let the rulers of each German state decide the state religion. |
| What were three ways that the Catholic Church responded to Protestant Reformation? | They responded with reform, propaganda, and the least christian-like, the Inquisition. The deeds the Inquisition did like killing and imprisoning is against the bible. |
| What would it be like to live under "Calvin's Blue Laws"? | I think living under those laws would be very unforgiving in a modern sense because everyone is so used to having a good time, staying up late, and listening to music we enjoy personally. |
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