8157290
Description
Flashcards by Angelica Tsapparelli, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Angelica Tsapparelli
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| MLK summary | 1955-68 generally recognised as the high point of the modern civil rights movement, inspired by MLK's commitment to peaceful protest He was inspired by Jesus & Gandhi Believed peaceful protests would demonstrate the dignity of the protesters & barbaric nature of racists opposed to CRs Put moral pressure on authorities to recognise the rights of black Americans |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-56 summary | December 1955 Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus Local activists immediately organised a boycott in protest at bus segregation Lasted just over a year, 85% AAs in Montgomery refused to use the bus Same time NAACP fought court case Browder v Gayle 1956 challenging legality of segregation on public transport |
| Significance of Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-56 | highlighted economic power of AAs - during protest bus company lost $250,000 revenue Attracted lots of good media attention which put pressure on the bus company to change Demonstrated effectiveness of coupling peaceful protest with legal action Launched MLKs career & created foundation for Southern Christian leadership Conference (SCLC) |
| Browder v Gayle 1956 | NAACP case Browder v Gayle successful Established segregation on public transport illegal - de jure Montgomery Bus Company desegregated their buses 21st December 1956 |
| Little Rock 1957 summary | Brown v Board 1954 ruled school segregation illegal - de jure not de facto 9 black students attempted to enrol in all white school Little Rock High School in Arkansas Students prevented from enrolling by white mob & National Guard who Faubus, governor of Arkansas called in Following media attention Eisenhower ordered National Guard to protect the students& let them enrol Faubus then closed all schools in Little Rock claiming desegregation would result in racial violence |
| Little Rock 1957 achievements/significance | NAACP challenged school closure in Cooper v Aaron 1958 - SC ruled it was illegal to prevent desegregation for any reason Protest showed effectiveness of using peaceful protest to test SC rulings-Brown Forced Eisenhower to intervene in defence of CRs Showed lengths white racists were willing to go to prevent desegregation |
| Greensboro sit ins 1960 summary | February 1st 1960 Inspired by MLK Attempt to force desegregation of a lunch counter in a Woolworths store in Greensboro, North Carolina Began with 4 black students, 4 days in 300 students, end of week Woolworths closed lunch counter rather than desegregate Inspired similar sit ins across South, many organised by SCLC |
| Greensboro sit ins 1960 achievements | Greensboro Woolworth's store desegregated 25th July, 6 months later By beginning 1962 70,000 people, black & white, had taken part in some kind of protest against segregation Consequently by end of 1961, 810 towns in South had desegregated public places |
| Greensboro sit ins 1960 significance | Success of sit ins led to foundation of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Demonstrated continuing media interest in the Civil Rights movement Highlighted economic power of AAs - Woolworth's lost 1/3 profit during protests Showed widespread willingness of young black people to stand up for their rights Eisenhower publicly expressed support for those campaigning for civil rights |
| Freedom Rides 1961 summary | 1946 case Morgan v Virginia ruled interstate transport should be desegregated but said nothing about facilities eg waiting rooms NAACP returned to court to force this in Boynton v Virginia 1960 & won Both cases resulted in de jure victories, little immediate de facto change Inspired by Journey of Reconciliation CORE mounted the Freedom Rides 7 black & 6 white activists took bus journeys across the South, encountering enormous white violence eg beatings & firebombs MLK spoke out against the violence & in support of the Freedom Riders |
| Freedom Rides 1961 achievements | Federal government promised to enforce desegregation of interstate buses & bus facilities By September 1961 all signs of enforcing segregation had been removed from interstate transport |
| Freedom Rides 1961 significance | Demonstrated unity between civil rights organisations - CORE, SNCC & the SCLC all contributed The violent reaction to the protest forced JFK to act He was reluctant to support direct action & offered them grants to abandon the campaign & focus on a voter registration drive After the protest he asked for a period of "cooling off" by which he mean an end to direct action campaigns |
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