815740
Description
Flashcards by eecavendish, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by eecavendish
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What was the NVA? | North Vietnamese Army - Communist |
| What was the Vietcong? | Communist guerrilla army based in South Vietnam |
| What was the ARVN? | Army of the Republic of Vietnam - fought alongside the USA |
| Who was the leader of North Vietnam? | Ho Chi Minh |
| What foreign support did North Vietnam have? | USSR and China |
| What foreign support did South Vietnam have? | USA |
| Who was Ngo Dinh Diem? | The leader of South Vietnam |
| Why was Diem an unpopular leader? | He was a Catholic and did not respect the Buddhist traditions. Guilty of nepotism (giving high status jobs to family/friends) |
| Why were the USA wary of Ho Chi Minh? | They feared a communist takeover of the entire region |
| How did Eisenhower contribute to the Vietnam war from 1953-61? | He gave financial support to Diem and sent military advisors to the area |
| How did Kennedy contribute to the Vietnam war from 1961-63? | Increased number of military advisors, allowed US combat missions, overthrew unpopular Diem, increased financial support |
| How did Johnson contribute to the Vietnam war from 1963-69? | Introduced ground and air forces after the Tonkin incident, massively increased US involvement |
| How did Nixon contribute to the Vietnam war from 1969-74? | Gradually withdrew troops and oversaw the ceasefire in 1973 |
| How did the geography of Vietnam affect the way in which the war was fought? | The Viecong had a home advantage, using camouflage against the lush landscape. This gave them the element of surprise. |
| Describe the tactics that the Vietcong used | No uniform, dummies, decoy bombs/weapons, booby traps, camouflages, underground tunnels |
| Explain how the Vietcong used underground tunnels | People evacuated underground for safety and saved from many bomb attacks, the USA didn't know about them, provided long-term safety |
| Why were the booby traps so effective in lowering American morale? | They wounded a lot of soldiers, increasing paranoia |
| What were American search and destroy missions? | The US army attempted to destroy suspected VC soldiers by burning down villages that they thought were supporting/supplying the VC |
| What were the effects of the search and destroy missions? | Increased number of VC sympathisers as people turned against America destroying their homes |
| What effects did Napalm have on humans? | Napalm was jellied petrol that caused severe burns and burned down villages. |
| What was Agent Orange? | A chemical used by the USA to expose VC soldiers in fields by killing all the plants. |
| What were the effects of Agent Orange on humans? | It caused deformities in the next generation as pregnant women were affected |
| What were strategic hamlets used by the USA and the ARVN? | Set up to provide greater security in the countryside, peasants forced from their homes into strategic hamlets. |
| What was the Ho Chi Minh trail? | A supply line from the North of Vietnam to the Vietcong in the south |
| In what year was the Gulf of Tonkin incident? | 1964 |
| Describe the Gulf of Tonkin incident | A US destroyer was allegedly fired at by North Vietnamese patrol boats. This gave the USA the excuse they needed to send in troops. |
| What was Operation Rolling Thunder? | A US bombing offensive that lasted several years from 1965. It included raids on military and industrial targets in North Vietnam and cities in the north and south |
| What were the successes of Operation Rolling Thunder? | It damaged North Vietnam's war effort, disrupted supply routes, caused considerable damage to cities and towns in North Vietnam. |
| What were the failures of Operation Rolling Thunder? | North Vietnam had few factories to bomb, encouraged greater VC support, didn't stop supplies to south, extortionate cost |
| What was the Tet Offensive? | A VC offensive where they took major towns and cities, attacked military targets and occupied the US embassy for five hours. |
| How did America benefit from the Tet Offensive? | The VC lost many of their finest fighters, most of the attackers were killed, very few people in the south joined the offensive, few US casualties |
| How did the NVA benefit from the Tet Offensive? | Ancient city of Hue destroyed, ARVN casualties, demotivated American public back home, US public shocked by embassy attack, US used a lot of artillery |
| Describe why there was opposition to the war for political reasons. | The public discovered how insecure the government was about the situation when documents were leaked to a newspaper |
| Explain how the media created opposition to the war | Colour television meant that the American public were shocked by the violent methods of warfare used by the Americans |
| How was Martin Luther King significant during the Vietnam war? | He backed anti-war movements |
| What was Vietnamisation? | South Vietnamese soldiers trained to replace US soldiers. Over time, the US troops would gradually return home |
| Why was America reluctant to withdraw troops from Vietnam? | The USA went to war to prevent the spread of communism so didn't want to appear as having failed |
| What happened in 1969 that made the USSR and China more open to better relations with the USA? | The USSR and China fell out |
| Describe how Nixon attempted to use the USSR and China to end the war | 1970-Nixon began talks with the USSR to limit nuclear weapons 1972- Nixon encourages China to put pressure on the north to end the war |
| In what year was the ceasefire? | 1973 |
| In what year were the North and South united as a communist country? | 1976 |
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