8286817
Description
Flashcards by Lilli Flahh, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lilli Flahh
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| direct realism | the view that the immediate objects of perception are mind independent objects and their properties, which we have direct access to as they exist in the external world |
| illusion | occurs when one's perception misrepresents reality (shared experience, one sense only) |
| hallucination | the perception of an object or objects in the absence of these objects, which feels qualitatively no different from a genuine perception (individual, multisensory) |
| perceptual variation | the fact that perception is perspectival, and the same conditions can be perceived entirely differently depending on the relative position of the viewer to the event |
| time-lag | our perception depends upon light being reflected off objects and being detected by our eyes, and there is a small delay in this process |
| indirect realism | the immediate objects of perception are mind dependent sense data which are caused by and represent mind independent objects in the external world |
| sense data (4 things) | sense data are (1) subjective, (2) mind dependent, (3) private and (4) infallible |
| primary qualities | properties that exist within the objects themselves and are essential to the objects, independent of human perception |
| secondary qualities | dependent upon human perception, inessential to the object, caused by primary qualities |
| idealism | antirealist theory of perception, the immediate objects of perception are mind dependent sense data which is the only reality |
| the objectivity of space and time | objects continue to exist and change even when they are outside of all human perception |
| solipsism | the view that all that exists is my mind |
| ability knowledge | practical form of knowledge that involves knowing how to perform certain tasks |
| acquaintance knowledge | when one can be said to have come into contact with something and in doing so been made aware of it (I know your dad; I know the area) |
| propositional knowledge | otherwise known as factual knowledge, consciously believing that a proposition is true |
| tripartite view | S knows that P if and only if S believes that P, S is justified in believing that P, and P is true |
| belief | the willingness to assent to a proposition |
| false lemma | false belief; inference from false belief(s) |
| epistemic virtues (list 5) | careful analysis of available evidence, lack of bias and prejudice, a clear and open mind, a reliable memory & the ability to make sound judgements |
| concept empiricism | all concepts are derived from sense experience |
| impressions | forceful and vivid perceptions of the mind |
| ideas | faint and obscure perceptions of the mind |
| simple idea | one which cannot be broken down any further, an atomic element of thought |
| complex idea | a conglomerate of simpler ideas which it can be broken down into |
| innate concept | concept present in the mind prior to or at birth |
| knowledge empiricism | all synthetic knowledge is a posteriori; all knowledge of the world is gained through sense experience |
| a priori intuition | foundational truths of reason so self evident they cannot be doubted without self contradiction |
| a priori demonstration | the deduction of more complex truths from a combination of a priori intuitions and a priori reasoning |
| a priori | independent of sense experience |
| a posteriori | dependent on sense experience |
| analytic | true by definition; the predicate is contained within the subject |
| synthetic | predicate is not contained within the subject |
| necessarily true | must be true, cannot be doubted without self contradiction; true of all possible worlds |
| contingently true | happen to be true but might not have been, can be denied without contradiction |
| possible world | a way the world could have been |
| deductive argument | the truth of the premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion |
| inductive argument | the premises support, but cannot guarantee the conclusion; one can agree with the premises and deny the conclusion without self contradiction |
| realism | objects exist independently of the mind |
| antirealism | there are no objects that exist independently of the mind |
| epistemology | the study of knowledge |
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