History- Key People

Question	Answer
Paul Ehrlich	Developed Koch's work on staining and discovered the first magic bullet - Salverson 606
Joseph Bazalgette	Designed and built the London sewer systems in 1860s.
Ernst Chain	A German Jew who worked with Florey on how to mass produce penicillin. Gus speciality was biochemistry.
Edwin Chadwick	I was a civil servant who recommended the introduction of medical officers and a clean water supply.
Anuerin (Nye) Bevan	I was the Minister for Health. I fought the BMA and introduced the NHS in 1948
Alexander Fleming	Discovered Penicillin- blew through his window and wrote articles about his discover
Elizabeth Garret Anderson	Challenged men, went to university and became a doctor. Set up a medical school for women in 1874. Her work meant that a law was passed so women could become doctors
Edward Jenner	Worked as a country doctor in Gloucestershire and developed the first vaccination - to prevent smallpox
Lewisohn, Wein, Rous and Turner	Worked on the storage of blood and discovered sodium citrate and citrate glucose prevented clotting and refrigeration meant blood lasted longer
Humphrey Davey	Accidentally discovered that nitrous oxide (laughing gas) made you less aware of pain. Horace Wells (dentist) used this anesthetic when removing teeth
Maurice Wilkins	Worked on the structure or DNA. Was an expert in x-rays. He passed on details of Franklin's work to Watson and Crick
Gerhard Domagk	Discovered the 2nd magic bullet- Prontosil. It killed the germs that caused blood poisoning. More magic bullets followed that cured diseases like pneumonia.
Ignaz Semmelweis	Was worried about the death rate of women in childbirth. He made people wash their hands which made an impact on the death rate. People didn't believe him and he was fired.
Rosalind Franklin	Worked on the study of DNA. She pointed out mistakes in Watson and Cricks first model
Francis Crick	Worked with Watson to discover the structure of DNA
James Watson	Worked with crick to discover the structure of DNA
William Morton	The dentist who first used Ether an an anesthetic. He decided it was more effective than Nitrous Oxide.
Vesalius	A renaissance doctor interested in anatomy. Wrote 'The fabric of the human body' and disproved Galen's theory that the human septum had holes
John Snow	Showed the link between dirty water and disease. Investigated the Cholera outbreak in 1854 to prove the link
James Simpson	Discovered Chloroform as an anesthetic. Queen Victoria used it in childbirth which helped it become acceptable
Wilhelm Rontgen	A German scientist who discovered X-rays in 1895. Wrote about his discoveries - 6 months later hospitals had X-ray machines
Louis Pasteur	Discovered vaccines for Chicken Cholera and Rabies and the Germ Theory (1861) - the greatest medical discovery of the C19th
Ambroise Pare	A French renaissance surgeon. Stopped cauterization and pioneered the use of ligatures to prevent blood loss.
Florence Nightingale	Changed attitudes toward nursing and improved hospitals during the Crimean War
John Hunter	Gave lectured on anatomy and helped to develop a scientific approach. He stressed the importance of observation and recording
Robert Koch	Developed Pasteur's ideas to show germs caused disease in humans. Also worked on staining and scientific method
Karl Landsteiner	Came up with the idea of blood groups in 1901. This made successful transfusions possible if a donor could be present.
Joseph Lister	I used antiseptic carbolic spray to clean woulds during surgery in C19th
William Harvey	Was a renaissance doctor interested in circulation of blood. He proved Galen wrong- showed the heart is a pump.
Harold Gillies	Pioneered plastic surgery in WWI. Used pedicle tubes for skin grafts. He kept records and pictures of the injuries and his surgery.
William Beveridge	Wrote a report aimed at 'banish want'. It introduced the idea and was the basis for the NHS.
Paul Ehrlich	Developed Koch's work and built the London sewer systems in 1860s
Howard Florey	Ran the team that worked out how to mass produce Penicillin. He persuaded the USA to help fund research.

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