8402377
Description
Flashcards by Jade Lindsay, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jade Lindsay
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the Genotype of an Organism? | The alleles Present |
| What is the Phenotype of an organism? | The appearance of an organism |
| What is Intracellular? | Something occurring or located inside a cell |
| What is Extracellular? | Something occurring or located outside a cell |
| What does coding DNA produce? | Proteins |
| What is Non-coding DNA involved in? | Gene Expression |
| What are proteins? | Polypeptide chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds |
| Functions of Proteins | -Structural components of Cell -Enzymes increase rate Chemical reaction -Hormones involved in regulation -Antibodies Give immunity against specific proteins |
| state the differences between DNA and RNA | DNA- found in the nucleus ,two strands, deoxyribose sugarn Adinine Paired to Thymine RNA- Found in Nucleus and cytoplasm, one strand, ribose sugar, Adinine paired to Uracil |
| What are the three types of RNA? | - mRNA (Messenger) -tRNA (Transport/transfer) -rRNA (Ribosomal) |
| State the location and function of mRNA | Location - Nucleus and Cytoplasm Function - Carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA to the Ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
| State the location and function of tRNA | Location- Cytoplasm and Ribosome Function- Carries specific amino acids to the Ribosome to be assembled into poly peptide chains |
| State the location and the function of rRNA | Location- Ribosome Function- combined with proteins to make up the structure of ribosomes and takes part in translation of mRNA to amino acids |
| What is Transcription? | The first stage of protein synthesis, takes place in the nucleus |
| Explain the Process of Transcription | 1. A section of DNA uncoils 2. RNA nucleotides pair up with DNA nucleotides 3. A strand of primary mRNA is released (primary transcript) 4. RNA splicing converts primary transcript to mature transcript |
| Explain the process of RNA splicing | 1.RNA splicing removes non-coding sections of DNA called Introns 2. Joins together the coding sections of DNA called Exons |
| What is Translation? | The second and final stage of Protein synthesis |
| Explain the Process of Translation | 1. A tRNA carries amino acids to their specific anti-codons where they pair with their codon 2. Peptide bonds join the amino acids on the tRNA 3. The first tRNA is released and the ribosome moves along a codon 4. Process is repeated |
| What is meant by the term ' one gene, many proteins' ? | Different proteins can be expressed from the same gene due to alternative RNA splicing and various Post- translational modifications that can occur |
| What is Post- translational modification? | Changes made to polypeptids following translation e.g adding on phosphate groups can change forms) |
| What is alternative splicing? | Allows a primary transcript to form different mRNA molecules depending on which exons are included in the mature mRNA |
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