8632619
Description
Flashcards by Caroline Groppe, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Caroline Groppe
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
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Image:
417620 Orig (image/jpeg)
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Trajan’s forum, 112 CE * Its the biggest forum and basilica * There were two side aisles in the basilica ulpia * Same part names as a church * There’s two apses on the basilica, one on each end * There were two libraries * There’s a temple to Trajan since emperors were gods * 150 feet high ceiling in the basilica * 200 feet wide, and the nave was 400 feet long * Trajan was from what’s modern Spain * In the center there was an equestrian statue of Trajan |
| Column of Trajan, dedicated in 112 CE, Rome, Italy * There was a column in between the libraries * Trajan died in 117 CE, his ashes were in the bottom of the column * It celebrates his victory over Dacia, modern Romania * Romans were cremating their remains * Christians buried themselves * 625 feet, 12 stories high * Historiated columns, showing reliefs of history on the side * Apolodorus might have had the idea * There was no precedent for it to be made * But the idea was super popular after * There are 2500 figures * It was painted to be more legible * The column stood between two buildings so you could see the top of the column from the second story * They added St Peter in the renaissance, but it used to be a statue of Trajan Rotulus, rotuli Scroll (rotating) * Trajan’s column looks like a scroll | |
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Pantheon Aerial (image/jpeg)
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Pantheon, 118-125 CE, Rome, Italy * Greek temple front * The Dome is a roman invention * They created the round arch, concrete, and a dome * The Tholos of the Treasury of Atreus was the largest round structure for all of antiquity * Concrete allowed them to do it * The dome is made of lighter pumice stone * A dome is a round part on top of another structure * Instead of 40 feet tall, its 142 feet high and wide * It has an oculus (eye) hole in the top * Its Pan-Theon, like Pan-Theological, all the gods * The Romans used the same gods as the Greeks but renamed them * Jesus was in the east under the rule of Octavian/Augustus * But everyone in the Mediterranean was worshiping the greek/roman gods * The pantheon once had sculptures in the pediment and inside * There was blue coffering in the inside, and a gilded rosette in the middle to look like the sky and stars * That its the oculus made it focused on the sky * The whole point was to look up to the heavens |
| Marcus Aurelius, 175 CE, Rome, Italy * Equestrian bronze original * Titus and Trajan’s bronze equestrians didn’t last * This is the only ancient equestrian monument of an emperor * 161-180 was his rule * He wrote the Meditations * He hated war but knew it was necessary * Marble statues of the emperors existed along with coins * But now bronze ones survive * Hadrian made full length statues, but most emperors’ statues were busts * The image of the emperor was circulated to remind people of him * Marcus Aurelius looks like he’s speaking * The horse is super realistic * Its 11 feet high * Its the prototype of all equestrian statues of great leaders * Its been moved inside now * The Roman Empire starts around 500 BCE * The last roman emperor is in 476 CE | |
| Baths of Caracalla, 212-216 CE, Rome, Italy (plan and reconstruction) * There were 952 baths in Rome * 11 were private * There were 14 aqueducts flowing into Rome for them * Like a YMCA * You could bathe, swim, go to the gym, and even attend lectures * It covered 50 acres * 1600 people could bathe there * They liked to dip between temperatures of water * Tepidarium, calidarium, frigidarium * The calidarium was about the size of the pantheon * X on a plan means groin vault ceiling * Before pavoroti died he gave performances here * Men and women were separate | |
| Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus, 250-260 CE * More and more people are burying rather than cremating * It was discovered in the renaissance * The Ludovisi family bought it * They called anyone against Rome Barbarians * The figures were probably Goths from France * Its super chaotic * The chaos in the Roman Empire itself is mirrored in its art * There’s a lack of order compared to Greece and earlier Rome * There’s civil war, almost every emperor is assassinated, money is devalued, everything is chaotic * The leader is likely the man in the center without his helmet | |
| Sarcophagus of a Philosopher, 270-280 BCE * There’s lots of sarcophagi with philosophers on them to suggest knowledge of the deceased | |
| * Constantine ruled from 306-337 * Diocletian had the idea to have four emperors * It was called the Tetrarchy * Constantine was the son of one of them * He chose to live at Rome * This head alone was 8 feet tall * The body was a wood core covered in bronze (bronze is gone now) * This sat in Constantine’s basilica * The eyes are very important in christian art * Like the Mesopotamian statues in awe * Constantine reverted to the idealism of Augustus * Later emperors continued the idealism * Around Hadrian their reverted to realism * Around the fall the emperors look tired * Verism returns | |
| Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, restored cutaway view, 306-312 CE, Rome, Italy * It had groin vaults * It was in the forum | |
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Arch21 (image/jpeg)
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Arch of Constantine, 312-315, Rome, Italy * Maxentius was his co ruler but their relationship crumbled * They fought in 312 on the Milvian bridge and Constantine won * Constantine built his triumphal arch there * Constantine won the battle because he had a vision of a cross, and heard a voice saying “in this sign thou shalt conquer” * He takes it as a sign that he had to convert to win the battle * He does and wins, so the arch commemorates his conversion too * He gave legal status to the christians and pagan religions * Constantine belongs less to the roman empire than early christians |
| Aula Palatina, early 4th century, Trier, Germany * It was turned into a church * It was a Basilica originally * There was a sculpture of the emperor in the rounded apse end * The rulers were deified after death * The Christians take the plan of basilicas for churches * Its name after Palatine hill at the roman forum * Diocletian died in 305 so it was a big transition * Other people worshiped images of the emperor * The Christians wouldn’t bow down to him * They were also pacifists and wouldn’t serve the empire * Christians worshiped in secret in their Domus (houses) * In Germany the Cathedral is called Dom * Jesus was crucified around 30 CE * Nero, one of the worst persecutors, put Peter and Paul to death on the same day * The next emperor Vespasian built the colosseum on Nero’s land to wipe out his memory | |
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