Defiance Campaign June 1952 - resistance to apartheid

Question	Answer
When was the Defiance Campaign?	June 1952
Where was it intended to take place?	JoBurg and Durban (major cities)
Where did it take place?	Port Elizabeth and East London (Poor Areas)
Why were the areas poor?	Had high levels of infant morality
Who was volunteer-in-chief?	Nelson Mandela
Who led the campaign?	Gwentshe and Fazzie
How many attended the first campaign?	1,500 - shouted ANC slogans
What was the campaign's strategy?	Volunteers to break key apartheid laws, e.g. segregated facilities, and risk arrest
Whose ideas were the campaign influenced by?	Ghandi (lived in South Africa 1893-1914)
Why was the strategy problematic?	Made leadership of the movement vulnerable. Leaders going to jail could disable the movement.
Whose attention did the campaign gain?	United Nations
What did the UN do?	Set up a commission to investigate the situation
Why was the campaign called off?	Became to violent, showed the dangers of mass protest. Was not effective.
Number of deaths and injuries?	7 African deaths and 18 injured
Why was it important for the ANC?	Membership rose from 4,000 to 10,000
Outcome of the campaign?	Marked the beginning of non-racial co-operation

Resource summary

	Created by Niamh Clayden over 7 years ago