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| Question | Answer |
| DSM-5 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition) The standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States |
| What did RD Laing say in 1960 about Mental Illnesses? | There is no such thing as mental illness. |
| Positive impact of diagnosis of mental illness (3 points) | >Easy to formulate cases and treatment planning >Easy for communication (between clients and professionals) >Patients gain more social support -Sick role concept |
| Negative impact of diagnosis of mental illness (3 points) | >Stigmatisation and Labeling -Lead to social rejection -Lower employment, family burden and personal shame -Lower self-esteem and discontinuation of medication >Concealment of illness >Negative emotional reactions of patients due to perception of stigmatization and anxiety over disclosure |
| Perception definition | It is the organization and interpretation of sensory information in order to understand the environment. This process happens outside conscious awareness. Sensory information -> Knowledge/Experience/Attention -> Perception |
| Feature of perception - constancy | {Perception of an object as constant even though our sensation of the object changes.} >Color Constancy: the perceived color of objects remains relatively constant under varying illumination conditions. >Size Constancy: the greater the distance, the smaller the image is. When someone is observing an object, although the distance of the observation is different the perceptional size is similar to the actual size |
| Feature of perception - grouping | {A set of principles that explain how people perceive objects with organized patterns} >Proximity - our brain sees objects separate each other as groups >Similarity - items that are similar tend to be grouped together >Closure - people tend to see complete figures even if it's incomplete >Good Continuation - people tend to group lines of curves that follow an established direction |
| Short-term memory | {Refers to the capacity for holding a small amount of information for a short period of time} >Characteristics: limited capacity and duration >Persists for 15-30 seconds |
| Long term memory | >Unlimited capacity >Works with short term memory |
| Spatial memory | {Responsible for recording information about one's environment} >Key words: path, location, and direction >Measuring spatial memory: Corsi Block Tapping task, Block tapping task, Pathway span task |
| Research method - experiment (Variables) | >Independent variable: values that are [manipulated] or [selected] (things that change depending on DV) >Dependent variable: values that are [observed] or [measured] (things that change IV) >Controlled variable: values that are kept [constant] |
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