8816228
Description
Flashcards by Dhara Bechra, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Dhara Bechra
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Moray (1959) - Auditory Attention | Cherry's (1953) method of 'shadowing' found pp's who shadowed a message presented to one ear were ignorant of the content of the other message simultaneously presented to the other ear. Moray tested Cherry's findings. |
| Aims & Research Questions | Find out whether pp's can remember content of messages presented to 'non-attended' ear in dichotic listening task- pp's asked to shadow content from one ear. To test factors that would enable unattended, dichotically presented message to be noticed. |
| Research Method | 3 Lab Experiments: 2 Repeated Measures Design 1 Independent Measures Design Experiment 1: DV- memory of words, IV- repeated word list and controlled word list. |
| Research Method (2) | Experiment 2: DV- whether pp heard instruction, IV- name included or not in instructions. Experiment 3: DV- number of digits reported, IV- whether they should shadow the message or remember the numbers. |
| Sample | Male and Female Undergraduates and researchers. Study 1: No. of Pp's not recorded Study 2: 12 participants Study 3: 2 groups of 14 |
| Procedure | Pp's practice shadowing passage spoken 150 words a minute. Exp 1: short list of simple words presented 35 times (repeated) to one ear of pp while they shadowed a prose message presented to other ear. After 30 secs, pp asked to recall words presented in non-atteneded message. |
| Procedure (2) | Exp 2: pp's asked to shadow 10 short passages of fiction. Instructions such as 'listen to right ear- you'll receive instructions to change ears' given at start of passages. In 6 passages, instructions given within passage such as 'change your ear' and half of instructions were prefaced by pp's name. |
| Procedure (3) | Exp 3: 2 groups of 14 shadowed 1 of 2 simultaneous dichotic messages. In some, towards end of message, numbers were included, sometimes in 1 or both. 1 group told they would be asked q's about content and other group asked to remember as many numbers as they could. |
| Results | Exp 1: when short list of simple words presented as non-attended message there was no trace of words being remembered even when presented many times. |
| Results (2) | Exp 2: when instruction was given in non-attended message, pp's heard 20 of the 39 times when the instruction included their name, but only heard 4 of the 36 when the instruction didn't include their name in it. |
| Results (3) | Exp 3: there was no significant difference in the number of digits recalled in either condition. |
| Conclusion | In situation where pp pays attention to a message presented in one ear and rejects the other, almost none of the rejected message is able to penetrate through attention block. |
| Conclusion (2) | Subjectively important messages such as your name can penetrate the attention block so that a person will hear instructions if it has their name in it. Difficult to make neutral material such as numbers, important enough to break through block set up in dichotic shadowing. |
| Evaluation | Lab experiment- reduces extraneous variables- higher validity Quantitative data collected High EV- materials they used resembled real life settings Replicable- procedure was standardised |
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