8819145
Description
Flashcards by Courtney Ward, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Courtney Ward
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What opposition did the 1964 Civil Rights Act face? | Despite 68% of Americans supporting... 54 day filibuster by Dixiecrats |
| What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act do? | Gave federal government the power to end segregation in the South Outlawed discrimination in public places |
| How did the 1965 Voting Rights Act help African-Americans vote? | Abolished literacy tests, poll taxes & 'constitutional interpretation' tests If denied the vote, would be dealt by Federal government rather than the local authorities |
| What impact did the Act have? | By end of 1966 only 4 southern states had less than half of the African American population registered to vote By 1968 Mississippi had 59% By 1980 only 7% below that of White registration |
| What did Johnson's 1968 Fair Housing Act, do? | It expanded on previous acts Prohibited discrimination concerning sale, rental & financing of housing based on race & religion |
| How successful was this Act? | Limited Gave government no new enforcement powers |
| What were the Black Panthers' survival programmes? | From 1968 onward movement focused on welfare Aimed on improving ghetto life: Free breakfast for School Children Free Health Clinics & 'liberation schools' |
| How successful were these programmes? | Free Breakfast: funded by local community & celebs - by 1969 fed 10,000 a day Health Clinics: major success - 49 panther clinic - treatment for diseases government neglected (e.g sickle cell) |
| What was 'patrol the pigs'? | Designed to keep police under surveillance & prevent police brutality Followed police patrols, carrying law books & question police over incidents Very popular within Black community |
| How did Malcolm X help the Civil Rights Movement? | Draw attention to the awful conditions in the ghettos of the North Became black icon & role model for youth Inspired a new generation of leaders & the Black Power movement generally |
| What was the problem with Chicago? | Similarly to Birmingham & Selma - problems were severe Black population expanding but confined to ghettos This led to overcrowded schools |
| King began to focus on Chicago in 1966, what were some of the issues he faced? | Mayor was a skillful opponent & close to LBJ He made sure no police violence = no media attention for King Moved family to ghetto - highlight poor conditions - refurbished to avoid media Rally in July 1966 attended by 30,000 - King hoped for 100,000 |
| What was the Poor People's Campaign? | An ambitious campaign that involved poor people of all colour & race Create a shanty town in front of Congress Put pressure on legislators to pass necessary measures |
| Who shot MLK & when? | James Earl Ray 4th April 1968 |
| What was Johnson's views on foreign policy? | Defeat by 'that damn pissant country' Vietnam was inconceivable Believed that US fighting for freedom & democracy Firm believer of domino theory |
| What was the situation that faced Johnson in Vietnam? | Fall of Diem = instability, chaos government VC strengthening Estimated communists controlled 40% South VC able to counter US air force thanks to Chinese & Soviet supplies McNamara visited & described the situation as 'disturbing' |
| What led to the number of advisers being increased to 22,000 & increased military aid to the ARVN? | ARVN - appalling condition Strategic Hamlet Policy - failure Khanh keen to work closely with the US & needed more support Despite introducing 20% pay rise to the ARVN failed to improve morale |
| Why were the Americans unable to defeat the Vietcong? | 1. Their bombing campaigns were ineffective 2. They failed to win over the Vietnamese 3. They faced many problems on the battlefield 4. The VC were underestimated, showed great skill & determination |
| What were some of the problems Americans faced on the battlefield? | Many soldiers were young & inexperienced Never new when VC would attack - 20% wounds from booby traps - not direct fire Climate - heat was suffocating, uniforms would rot |
| What were some of the problems Americans faced away from the battlefield? | Drug abuse - in 1971, 5000 soldiers needed treatment for combat wounds - 20529 for serious drug abuse Around 25% soldiers = STIs Fighting would be surreal, unexpected & many could not cope with the horrors (link to inexperience & age) |
| What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in August 1964? | CIA secretly sent US ships on sabotage missions in the North - provoked North to retaliate Johnson took the opportunity to prove he was tough against Communism He claimed the attack was unprovoked & gained Congressional support This gave Johnson the power to wage war in Vietnam |
| How did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution help Johnson with the public? | Made him look tough against Communism Approval rating - 42% to 72% |
| What was the Outer Space Treaty & what year was it signed? | 1967 Banned nuclear weapons being placed in space |
| What did the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968 aim to do? | Aimed to stop the spread of nuclear weapons |
| Who killed Robert Kennedy in 1968, and why? | Sirhan Sirhan a Palestinian immigrant US continued to supply Israel weapons - gave them advantage in 6 Day War - crushing defeat on Arab States This US stance angered many worldwide |
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