8827318
Description
Flashcards by Dhara Bechra, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Dhara Bechra
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Casey et al. (2011) - Gratification Delay | 40 yrs ago, sample of 4-yr-olds performed delay of gratification task. Children taken into room where a treat was placed on table. Children told they can eat it, but if they waited 15 mins, they would receive a second one. |
| Aims & Research Questions | Does ability to delay gratification as child predict (a) ability of adults in 40s to control impulses and (b) predict sensitivity to social cues? To test whether delay of gratification in childhood predicts impulse self-control abilities in adulthood. |
| Research Method | Quasi-Experiment Longitudinal study- followed from 4-40s IV: whether pp is a high or low delayer. Correlational |
| Sample | 562 adults who were 4 in 1960s; 155 completed self-control scales in 20s, and 135 again in 30s. 59 (23 males, 36 females) pp's consented to take part in Exp 1, of these, 27 (13 males, 14 females) took part in Exp 2. |
| Procedure | Exp 1: Go vs No-go impulse control task - 2 versions: - Cool version: pp told which gender is target. 4 conditions- male go, female go, male no-go, female no-go. 160 male or female faces projected on screen for 500ms with 1 sec interval. |
| Procedure (2) | Each face has go/nogo option. Pp's told to press button for go but not for no-go. Accuracy and reaction times recorded. - Hot version: task is the same but the faces are either happy or fearful. |
| Procedure (3) | Exp 2: fMRI used during task. PP's told which gender is target. 48 males or females faces are projected on screen either happy or fearful for 500ms with 1 sec interval. Pp's told to press button for go but not for no-go. Accuracy and reaction time recorded. |
| Procedure (4) | fMRI imaging of the right prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum was taken for 26 participants. |
| Results | Pp's who were low delayers as children showed more difficulty as adults in suppressing responses to hot cues (happy faces) than pp's who were high delayers. Right inferior frontal gyrus was active when accurately withholding (no-go) responses. |
| Results (2) | Low delayers had less activity in right inferior frontal gyrus for correct no-go trials than high delayers. Prefrontal cortex (ventral striatum) showed more activity to happy no-go trials in low delayers. |
| Conclusion | Resistance to temptation remains a stable characteristic of an individual over time. Cognitive control can be strongly influenced by contextual factors in alluring situations. |
| Evaluation | High control and elimination of extraneous variables. Quantitative data collected No ethical issues Low EV- doesn't represent real life tasks Replicable |
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