898101
Description
Flashcards by Emily Fenton, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emily Fenton
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Internal Causes of Decolonization | 1. Horrors of WWII changed popular stance on moral/racial superiority 2. Economically weakened Europe could not afford to maintain or fight colonies 3. "Liberal commonwealth interpretation" 4. "Crisis in confidence" 5. "Termination of Western consensus on colonialism (Lecture 8 & pg 944) |
| External Causes of Decolonozation | 1. Role of Japan in East Asia shattered the belief of Western superiority and invincibility 2. Diplomatic pressure from anti-imperial industrial powers (USA, Soviet Union) 3. Nationalist independence movements in colonies (Lecture 8 & pg 944) |
| Non-Alignment | The movement, starting often in post-colonial governments, to remain neutral in the Cold War. Countries which were non-aligned would officially not choose between the two superpowers (USA and Soviet Union) but play the two for what they could get. (pg 945) |
| Dutch East Indies Independence | The Dutch had been present in the "Spice Islands" since the early 17th century, and had been hoping the wealth from those regions would help them rebuild the country after the destruction of two wars. However, during WWII, the Dutch East Indies had been taken over by Japan who had promoted an independence movement and ideologies of nationalism, Marxism and Islam. After 4 years of guerrilla fighting, the Dutch accepted the independence of Indonesia in 1949. (pg 946) |
| Mahatma Gandhi | Born in India, but educated in law in Great Britain, Gandhi was an influential character in the mid-20th century. It was Gandhi who lead an independence movement for India from Britain, through "non-cooperation and non-violence". From the British he gained a new, liberal constitution which was a blueprint for independence. India became officially independent on August 15, 1947; and India was separated into Muslim and Hindu states. Gandhi was assassinated the following year by a Hindu nationalist who opposed partition. (pg 946) |
| Foundation of Israel | As the British pulled out of Palestine in 1947, they pushed through the decision to separate Palestine into one Jewish and one Arab state. The state of Israel was founded in 1948. Fifty years of unrest and war followed. (pg 947) |
| Nasser's Nationalist Revolution | Gamal Abdel Nasser lead a nationalist revolution in Egypt in 1952. They displaced the pro-West king, and in 1954 Nasser became president of independent Egypt. He soon after declared non-alignment. (pg 947) |
| Suez Crisis | In 1956, Egyptian President Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal (which had previously been foreign-owned). The angry French and British planned, in secret, an invasion of Egypt with Israel as allies in order to take back the canal. When the invasion took place, it was met with widespread outrage from the international public opinion, and the United States denounced their actions. This was an important moment because it illustrated the way Europe (especially Imperial Europe) had taken a back seat as a world power. (pg. 947) |
| Decolonization of the Belgian Congo | An important case of decolonization because of the way it was implemented. Fearing a Congoese uprising, the Belgians pulled out far too quickly from Congo and their chosen leader (Lumumba) was overthrown. The United States feared the unrest and so took control by placing a US-controlled, corrupt dictator in charge (Joseph Mobutu). (pg 948) |
| French-Algerian Conflict | As France struggled to maintain their colonies, uprisings in Algeria threatened the many-generation French (and other European) inhabitants within Algeria. Nicknamed the "pied-noirs", they were targetted as representing French imperial rule, and so turned to France to help them. France sent troops to Algeria and the Algerian war lasted from 1954-1962, when French president Charles de Gaulle ended the conflict. Algeria gained independence, and the pied-noirs mostly fled back to Europe. (pg 949) |
| Neocolonialism | The economic and cultural ties between Europe and their former colonies (especially in Africa) have lead some to critique this as leftover colonial rule. (pg 950) |
| Dien Bien Phu | A battle begun by the revolutionary Viet-Minh, who were communist nationalists. It lasted from March until May 1954, and saw the resounding defeat of the French in the first French-Indochina war for independence. (Lecture 8) |
| Bandung Conference | Took place in April of 1955, and incorporated many of the newly independent Asian and African states. It was intended to promote economic and cultural cooperation between the continents in order to confirm the end of European imperialism. It also was a big step in the non-alignment movement. (Lecture 8) |
| Ho Chi Minh | Communist leader of the Viet-Minh, who lead the communist nationalist revolutionaries to victory against the French. Became the president of the communist state of Vietnam. (Lecture 8) |
| Ethiopian Flags | Changes in flags are a good way to study changes in the politics, culture and economy of a country. In Ethiopia, the flag changed several times between 1936 and 1997. |
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