9128727
Description
Flashcards by Victoria Wright, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Victoria Wright
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| When is CO maintained by increased HR and increased SV? | During the early stages of exercise. |
| During the early stages of exercise, CO is maintained by what? | Increased HR and increased SV |
| When is CO maintained by increased HR only? | During the late stages of exercise. |
| During the late stages of exercise, CO is maintained by what? | CO is maintained by increased HR only (SV plateaus). |
| What is preferentially shortened with increased HR? | Diastole is preferentially shortened with increased HR; less filling time leads to increased CO (eg, ventricular tachycardia). |
| Diastole is preferentially shortened with what? What can this lead to? | Diastole is preferentially shortened with increased HR; less filling time leads to increased CO (eg, ventricular tachycardia). |
| Stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR) = ? | CO |
| What is the Fick principle? | CO = (rate of O2 consumption)/ (arterial O2 content − venous O2 content) |
| How do you calculate the mean arterial pressure from the CO and TPR? | Mean arterial pressure (MAP) = CO × total peripheral resistance (TPR) |
| CO x TPR = ? | Mean arterial pressure (MAP) = CO × total peripheral resistance (TPR) |
| How do you calculate MAP from diastolic pressure and systolic pressure? | MAP = 2 ⁄3 diastolic pressure + 1⁄3 systolic pressure |
| 2 ⁄3 diastolic pressure + 1⁄3 systolic pressure = ? | MAP |
| Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure = ? | Pulse pressure |
| How do you calculate pulse pressure from systolic pressure and diastolic pressure? | Pulse pressure = systolic pressure – diastolic pressure |
| Pulse pressure is proportional to what? And inversely proportional to what? | Pulse pressure is proportional to SV, inversely proportional to arterial compliance. |
| How do you calculate SV from EDV and ESV? | SV = end-diastolic volume (EDV) − end-systolic volume (ESV) |
| End-diastolic volume (EDV) − end-systolic volume (ESV) = ? | SV |
| There is increased pulse pressure in what conditions? | Increased pulse pressure in hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation, aortic stiffening (isolated systolic hypertension in elderly), obstructive sleep apnea (increased sympathetic tone), exercise (transient). |
| There is decreased pulse pressure in what conditions? | Decreased pulse pressure in aortic stenosis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, advanced heart failure (HF). |
| Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? Hyperthyroidism | Increased |
| Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? aortic regurgitation | Increased |
| Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? aortic stiffening (isolated systolic hypertension in elderly) | Increased |
| Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? obstructive sleep apnea (increased sympathetic tone) | Increased |
| Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? Exercise (transient) | Increased |
| Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? Aortic stenosis | Decreased |
| Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? cardiogenic shock | Decreased |
| Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? Cardiac tamponade | Decreased |
| Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? Advanced heart failure (HF) | Decreased |
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