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Created by Victoria Wright
about 7 years ago
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Question | Answer |
When is CO maintained by increased HR and increased SV? | During the early stages of exercise. |
During the early stages of exercise, CO is maintained by what? | Increased HR and increased SV |
When is CO maintained by increased HR only? | During the late stages of exercise. |
During the late stages of exercise, CO is maintained by what? | CO is maintained by increased HR only (SV plateaus). |
What is preferentially shortened with increased HR? | Diastole is preferentially shortened with increased HR; less filling time leads to increased CO (eg, ventricular tachycardia). |
Diastole is preferentially shortened with what? What can this lead to? | Diastole is preferentially shortened with increased HR; less filling time leads to increased CO (eg, ventricular tachycardia). |
Stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR) = ? | CO |
What is the Fick principle? | CO = (rate of O2 consumption)/ (arterial O2 content − venous O2 content) |
How do you calculate the mean arterial pressure from the CO and TPR? | Mean arterial pressure (MAP) = CO × total peripheral resistance (TPR) |
CO x TPR = ? | Mean arterial pressure (MAP) = CO × total peripheral resistance (TPR) |
How do you calculate MAP from diastolic pressure and systolic pressure? | MAP = 2 ⁄3 diastolic pressure + 1⁄3 systolic pressure |
2 ⁄3 diastolic pressure + 1⁄3 systolic pressure = ? | MAP |
Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure = ? | Pulse pressure |
How do you calculate pulse pressure from systolic pressure and diastolic pressure? | Pulse pressure = systolic pressure – diastolic pressure |
Pulse pressure is proportional to what? And inversely proportional to what? | Pulse pressure is proportional to SV, inversely proportional to arterial compliance. |
How do you calculate SV from EDV and ESV? | SV = end-diastolic volume (EDV) − end-systolic volume (ESV) |
End-diastolic volume (EDV) − end-systolic volume (ESV) = ? | SV |
There is increased pulse pressure in what conditions? | Increased pulse pressure in hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation, aortic stiffening (isolated systolic hypertension in elderly), obstructive sleep apnea (increased sympathetic tone), exercise (transient). |
There is decreased pulse pressure in what conditions? | Decreased pulse pressure in aortic stenosis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, advanced heart failure (HF). |
Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? Hyperthyroidism | Increased |
Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? aortic regurgitation | Increased |
Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? aortic stiffening (isolated systolic hypertension in elderly) | Increased |
Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? obstructive sleep apnea (increased sympathetic tone) | Increased |
Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? Exercise (transient) | Increased |
Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? Aortic stenosis | Decreased |
Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? cardiogenic shock | Decreased |
Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? Cardiac tamponade | Decreased |
Increased pulse pressure or decreased pulse pressure? Advanced heart failure (HF) | Decreased |
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