Flashcards
Biodiversity key terms
Cards in this deck (33)
- 1Genetic DivesityThe diversity of genes found within a species e.g a type of plant such as cereal.
- 2Species diversityThe variety of plant/animal species within a given area. It is a measure of species richness.
- 3Ecosystem DiversityThe variety of different ecosystems and the habitats surrounding them.
- 4HotspotAn area of high biodiversity e.g. The Amazon Rainforest
- 5EndenismThe ecological state of being unique to a location such as an island or nation. e.g. Lima's to Madagascar
- 6Iconic SpeciesSpecies such as panda's and snow leopards which are endangered but protect because of their beauty.
- 7Keystone SpeciesSpecies which are key to the ecosystems and food chain and the provision of services such as pollination, such as Bee's.
- 8DeforestationThe cutting down of trees to create land for development of farming.
- 9DesertificationThe process of fertile land becoming desert, typically as a result of drought or overuse.
- 10Alien speciesA non-indigenous species in an area, which could jepradises other animals in the area. e.g. red squirel in england.
- 11EutrophicationWhen the soil become overloaded with nutrients, also known as nutrient over-loading.
- 12Maximum sustainable yieldThe greatest harvest that can be taken and leave the ecosystem intact, this is usually exceed by commercial activities.
- 13Optimum Sustainable yieldis usually used a compromise because it is a lower level of yield and will not destroy the appearance of recreational value of the ecosystem.
- 14Key players in managementindividual farmers, campaigners and consumers, artists, painters and writers, locals, NGOs, scientific research NGO's, local governments, national governments and transportation companies.
- 15DisparityA great difference in species- so there would be high amounts of diversity such as in the Amazon rainforest
- 16Biomea large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat, e.g. forest or tundra
- 17Biomassthe total weight of living matter per area (dry mass)
- 18Biospherethe thin veneer of living material on the planets surface
- 19What are three global threats to boidiversityGlobal warming, desertification and poverty and food insecurity.
- 20What area's are most at risk?Cold- global warming
Small islands- tourism and sea level rise
Forest- deforestation, tourism and development - 21Carbon cycleThe movement of carbon through different processes, from growing to being eaten or used then decay and growth into new product to be used again.
- 22What are two contrasting management schemes for biodiversity?CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe and Southern ocean fisheries treaty
- 23EcoregionsLarge areas define by it features and environment, like the Amazon, conserving them would achieve a great deal would be expensive and difficult to police.
- 24Scale of Management strategiesProtection- Scientific preservation with no access for the public
Middle- National parks- Extractive Reserves
Exploitation- Zoos and gene banks - 25Futures for Biodiversity Approach 1.Market first
Profit driven future, continued degradation of biodiversity, the economy comes first. - 26Future for Biodiversity Approach 2Policy First
A greater balance between human and ecological well-being but humans are pt first by short-termists policy-makers and ecosystems are protected when possible. - 27Future for Biodiversity approach 3Security First
'Me first' the focus is on maintaining the wealth of the few in a very unequal world; IGO like the UN ae viewed with suspicion; the environment is there to be exploited. - 28Future for Biodiversity approach 4Sustainability first
equal weight is given to human and ecological well-being, and thinking is long term to gradually recover lost ecological ground. - 29Value of Coral Reefs: St lucia and Tobago case studyThey provide:
biodiversity, shoreline protection, Food, Medicine, Aquarium trade, building materials, education and research and tourism. - 30Invasive species- The GalapagosHave high endemism
Alien species were introduced by the locals to make a living from fishing and tourism,
60% of the 180 endemic species are considered threatened. - 31Galapagos Part 2 What they're doing to helpActions being taken to preserve the biodiversity, they're trying to eradicate the introduced rodents, dogs and feral cats.
Other pressures on the island include tourists trying to see the island Darwin saw when 1st visited - 32Southern Ocean FisheriesThanks to the treaty the fisheries and sustainably managed.
Before the ocean was overfished by fleets of sovient trawlers.
Led to the extinction of species of fish. - 33Southern Ocean Fisheries Part 2Three part approach to calculating fishing yield
1. the single species- limits set for harvesting individual species.
2. Ecosystem approach- considered the species on its own and as part of an ecosystem.
3. precautionary approach- tries to model the consequences of any planned expansions
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- Flashcards on Biodiversity key terms, created by 07setchfields on 22/05/2014.
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