926193
Description
Flashcards by Stephen Cole, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Stephen Cole
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Name the products of the reaction of 1-chlorobutane with excess ammonia. | butylamine (or 1-aminobutane) ammonium chloride |
| Which of 1-chlorobutane and 1-iodobutane is more reactive and why? | 1-iodobutane. C-I bond enthalpy is much lower than C-Cl bond enthalpy |
| Name the position isomer of butan-1-ol which does not react with acidified potassium dichromate. | methylpropan-2-ol |
| In two separate containers, I add sodium hydroxide to ethanolic (i) 1-bromopentane and (ii) 2-bromo-2-methylbutane. In both cases water is produced. Which of these will give a greater yield of water and why? | 2-bromo-2-methylbutane - it is a tertiary alcohol so will readily undergo elimination. 1-bromopentane, a primary alcohol, will prefer nucleophilic substitution. |
| Name the mechanism by which haloalkanes are formed from alkenes. | Electrophilic addition |
| Name the mechanism by which haloalkanes are formed from alkanes. | Free radical substitution |
| Give an equation for the fermentation of glucose. Explain why this reaction must take place in anaerobic conditions. | C6H12O6 => 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 In aerobic conditions, aerobic respiration will take place/glucose will be completely broken down (by yeast) |
| How many structurally isomeric alkenes could be formed from the reaction of potassium hydroxide with a compound whose molecular formula is C5H11Cl? Which of these exhibit geometric isomerism? | 4 (pent-1-ene, pent-2-ene, methylbut-1-ene, methylbut-2-ene) Only pent-2-ene exhibits geometric isomerism. |
| Name the mechanism by which ethene is industrially converted into ethanol. What type of reaction is this? | Electrophilic addition Hydration |
| Propene may be converted into poly(propene). What type of reaction is this? | Addition polymerisation |
| Name the two possible products of the reaction of hydrogen chloride with but-1-ene. Which of these is formed in greater abundance and why? | 1-chlorobutane, 2-chlorobutane. 2-chlorobutane as the secondary carbocation intermediate is more stable than the primary carbocation intermediate. |
| State fully the observation you would make when propanal is added to potassium dichromate(VI) and sulphuric acid. | Solution turns from orange to green |
| Name the mechanism by which ethanol is converted into ethene. Describe the conditions and explain the industrial significance of this reaction. | Elimination Hot excess sulfuric acid, molten aluminium chloride catalyst, high temperature (600K) Ethene is needed for making plastics. If it can be obtained from bioethanol this provides a renewable alternative to crude oil. |
| Suggest an ethical issue of the production of bioethanol. | Sugar beet/cane usually grown in poor countries. Land could be used for growing food - exacerbates hunger problems |
| Give four necessary conditions for the fermentation of glucose. | Aqueous; anaerobic; presence of yeast/zymase; temperature around 37 degrees C/body temperature |
| Name the organic product of the reaction of potassium cyanide with 1-bromomethylpropane. | 3-methylbutanenitrile |
| Give an equation for the first step of the reaction of bromine with ethane. Name this type of step and state an essential condition for it to occur. | Br2 => 2Br. Initiation UV light |
| Give two equations for the second step of the reaction of bromine with ethane. Name this type of step. | Br. + C2H6 => .C2H5 + HBr .C2H5 + Br2 => C2H5Br + Br. Propagation |
| Give three equations for the termination step of the reaction of bromine with ethane. | 2Br. => Br2 2.C2H5 => C4H10 Br. + C2H5. => C2H5Br |
| Outline a mechanism for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and bromoethane in warm, aqeuous conditions. | |
| Outline a mechanism for the reaction between chloroethane and concentrated ammonia. | |
| Outline a mechanism for the reaction of sulphuric acid with ethene. | |
| Outline a mechanism for the reaction of 1-chloropropane with hot, concentrated, ethanolic sodium hydroxide. |
Image:
elimination (image/jpg)
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| Name the mechanism by which 2-chlorobutane is converted into propan-2-ol. What is the role of the hydroxide anion in this reaction? | Nucleophilic substitution Nucleophile |
| Name the mechanism by which 2-chlorobutane may be converted into an alkene. Name the three isomeric products. What is the role of the hydroxide anion in this reaction? | Elimination but-1-ene, E-but-2-ene, Z-but-2-ene Base |
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