Carmichael et al (1932) - Edexcel GCSE Psychology

Question	Answer
Aim	Whether words shown with pictures affect the way the pictures were remembered
Procedure	* laboratory experiment * 95 participants three groups - list one, list two, control 12 pictures *shown picture, word, then asked to draw
Findings	Drawings produced were very different from List one to List two, the drawings looked like the words the participants heard
Results	Were over 3000 reproductions, 905 of those reproductions were put in the category 'almost completely changed' List one - 73% drawings resembled words given List two - 74% drawings resembled words given *Control group(no words given) - 45% drawings resembled either word
Conclusion	Memory for pictures is reconstructed - verbal context affects recall
Strengths	used a control group - weren't distorted in the same way two different lists - shows clear differences *having 12 pictures - gave lots of evidence
Weaknesses	real life isn't as ambiguous as the given stimuli Prentice (1954) - tested the effects of verbal labels on recognition rather than recall - no effect

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	Created by Jasmine Allen over 10 years ago