9300821
Description
Flashcards by Evie Horne, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evie Horne
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How is it ETHICAL to use Neuroscience in the justice system? | Rhine et al (2007) proved that murders have abnormal regions of the brain when compared to the controls, These findings make it ethical because we can determine the the regions affected in criminals and we can scan people before they commit offences, and use this research to treat them. |
| Who proves this theory that criminals can be "treated"? | Cherek et al (2000) found that makes with a history of criminal behaviour showed an decrease in aggressive and impulsiveness after taking anti-depressants.. Such benefits would make it more ETHICAL. |
| What is the benefit on society if we could "Treat" criminals in this way? | Society could be made alot safer. |
| How ever what is the counter argument to altering the behaviour of prisoners? | Farah (2004) argued that their individual freedom is being undermined, e.g the freedom to exert their own free will and think their own thoughts |
| What are the ETHICAL concerns with Rhine et al's theory of scanning people before they commit a crime. | Could result in innocent people being pulled from society to undergo compulsory treatment. However, Brain scans may be mis-read or incorrect, as shown by Bennet et al (2009) where a dead salmon showed brain activity on the MRI scan, which proves that brain scans can show false positives and are not always reliable. |
| In which ways has Neuroscience been proven to be ethical in medicine ? | Helped to develop successful treatments for depression, parkinson's, and ocd. Through measuring levels of neurotransmitters to restore a normal balance in the brain. Hence it is ethical because it is beneficial. Also DBS is becoming highly successful, mayberg et al (2005) 4 out of 6 patients. |
| How could this improve the economy? | anti-depressants cost the uk £9.1 BILLION IN 2000, using neuroscience instead could save the UK billions of pounds |
| What is unethical about these treatments tho? | They can cause physical and psychological harm. e.g memory/ speech impairment. DBS can cause complications, if electrodes slip and cause a bleed on the brain for example. Ferguson et al (2005) looked at a range of studies involving anti-depressants and found that people were twice as likely to kill themselves. Making it UNETHICAL. |
| However when the treatments work, how do they improve society? | People that suffer from disorders are able to lead more "normal" lives and integrate into society better. |
| How is it ETHICAL to use neuroscience to improve marketing techniques? | eye tracking and MRI scans are some ways in which companies measure the brain activity of consumers, which allows companies to create more effective techniques to market/advertise. e.g VW increased sales by 50% after a successful advert in 2011. |
| However what are the ETHICAL CONSERNS about the research into consumers. | They are effectively "reading our minds" and being manipulated into buying a product. Undermining our free will. |
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